THE ATOM
What is an atom composed of?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atoms of the same element can have a different type of neutrons in the nucleus.
True
A(n) _____ cannot be broken down into anything simpler by means of chemical reactions.
Element
The elements are arranged in _________ with increasing atomic number values, but placed in the same ________ formed by elements with similar physical and chemical properties.
- Periods/rows
- Groups/columns
What does the letter A represent?
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
Protons and neutrons
TRUE OR FALSE:
Many isotopes are unstable and disintegrate easily.
True
The atomic number tells you the number of ________ in one atom of an element. It also tells you the number of ________ in a neutral atom of that element.
- Protons
- Electrons
Why do the noble gases not combine with other elements?
Their outermost orbital is complete so they do not need to bond with the other elements.
What was the first particle to be discovered?
Electron
If an atom is electrically neutral and has 9 protons, it will also contain 9 _______.
Electrons
Artificial isotopes are prepared in the laboratory by increasing the number of ________.
Neutrons
What is the most abundant element in the Universe?
Hydrogen
What are the majority of the elements on the Periodic Table classified as?
Metals
TRUE OR FALSE:
If an atom gains electrons it has an excess amount of negative charge, and if it loses electrons, it becomes negatively charged.
False; if it loses electrons, it becomes positively charged
An atom with an atomic mass number of 238 and atomic number 92 contains __________________ neutrons.
a) 2.59
b) 92
c) 146
d) 238
c) 146
a) It is used as a standard for the calculation of the atomic mass of all the other atoms.
b) It is used in the studies of metabolic processes.
c) It is used in dating organic samples.
c) It is used in dating organic samples.
Which element has 8 protons? (No looking at the periodic table!)
Oxygen
TRUE OR FALSE:
Lithium is a part of the Alkaline Earth metals and it is often used in electric batteries.False; it is a part of the Alkali metals, but it IS used in electric batteries.
Who discovered the following (must name all 3 correctly):
1. Proton
2. Neutron
3. Electron
1. Ernest Rutherford
2. James Chadwick
3. J.J. Thomson
The second energy level of an atom can hold up to __________ electrons.
8
How many elements do not have more than one natural isotope?
a) 14
b) 21
c) 101
d) 300
b) 21
What is the most abundant element on Earth?
Oxygen
Name six of the noble gases.
Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Rn).
Silver exists in nature in two isotopes with masses of 109 u and 107 u. The relative abundance of each one is 48.2% and 51.8%, respectively. Calculate the atomic mass of silver.
107.87 u;
Atomic mass (Ag) = (109x48.2 + 107x51.8) / 100