Assessment
What is very sensitive to CNS conditions?
pupils
True or false: when getting the patients history you should write down in quotes what the patient says.
true
What does HOPS stand for?
History, observation, palpation, special tests
What is arthrokinematics?
accessory joint movements
Explain visceral pain.
BONUS: what is kehrs sign
deep, nagging, and pressing pain that is referred. often a sign of injury to an internal organ
BONUS: pain in L shoulder from injured spleen
When does your onsite observation begin?
As you approach the individual
You feel crepitus at a joint. Which part of HOPS does this fall under?
Palpations
What is PEARL?
Pupils are the same shape
Pupils are equal in size
Pupils are active (able to track)
Pupils are reactive to light
What do you use to measure ROM?
goniometer
Which artery on the foot is better for assessing pulse?
posterior tib
When palpating/performing special tests on the patient what do you need to make sure you do?
compare bilaterally
What are 2 ways to assess for fractures?
BONUS: which would you use for one bone, which would you use for two+ bones?
palpation, percussion/axial load, compression, tuning fork
BONUS: axial = one bone, compression = two bones
What does SOAP stand for?
subjective, objective, assessment, planning
Which do you perform first AROM or PROM?
AROM
Your athlete gets in a helmet to helmet collision and goes down on the field. As you approach him you notice that his legs are extended and his arms are extended. What position is he in?
Decerebrate
During palpations what do you need to check for on the extremity?
distal pulse
What is the purpose of SANE?
Used to see how far a patient feels they have progressed/ how close to normal they feel.
"how do you rate your recovery from 0-100%?"
What does OPQRST stand for?
onset, provocation/palliation, quality, region/radiation, severity, time
What is loose packed vs close packed position?
BONUS: which position do you perform special test in?
loose packed: position of the joint where ligaments and capsule have the most movement possible (everything is the loosest)
close packed: where there is the least amount of movement (joint is the tightest)
BONUS: loose packed
What is the difference between differential diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, and medical diagnosis?
differential diagnosis = all possible pathologies based on info (option a vs option b vs option c)
clinical diagnosis = what the AT believes the injury is based on assessment
medical diagnosis = final diagnosis from the physician
Explain what is likely injured if you feel deep somatic pain vs superficial somatic pain.
Deep somatic pain = injury to bone, joints, or muscles
Superficial somatic pain = injury to skin
Why would you chose to do fracture tests before other special tests?
If you do a fracture test and it comes back positive you know what the injury is and can care or refer from there.
What is DCAPBTLS?
deformities/discolorations, contusions, abrasians/avulsions, penetrations/punctures, burns, tenderness/temp, lacerations, swelling/symmetry
Why do you want to test RROM through the entire ROM of the joint?
not all muscle fibers fire throughout entire ROM
Explain the differences between muscle cramps and sickling.
Muscle cramps have a muscle twinge, pain, and you can sometimes visibly see the cramp.
Sickling is when there is no muscle twinge prior, no pain, athlete "drops to the ground" from weakness, and the musculature appears normal and the athlete is relatively quiet.