The beginning of the Colonies
What were the 3 regions?
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
1754-1773
18th century
When was the Constitution sign?
It was signed on September 17, 1787, by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.
Who was John Adams?
Leader of the American Revolution, and served as the second U.S. president from 1797 to 1801.
Which region was the first to abolish slavery?
southern States were dependent of hand working jobs which required the slaves to do so, in contrary as in Northern regions' they were not as necessary they were the first to state the abolitionism
Name 5 of the original 13 Colonies
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
Name one of the Intolerable Acts
As a response to the colonial resistance to the British power in the winter of 1773-74, the parliament was determined to reassert their power in America. British power passed 4 acts named the intolerable acts by the colonist
(1) the Boston Port Bill, which closed Boston Harbor;
(2) the Massachusetts Government Act, which replaced the elected local government with an appointive one and expanded the rule of the military governor;
(3) the Administration of Justice Act, this one enable British officials charged with capital crimes to be judged in another colony or in England
(4) the Quartering Act, which authorized the order of abandoned buildings to house British troops.
Purpose of the amendments
How many were in the US constitution?
The purpose of amendments is to provide a law with the protection of the federal government. States are unable to pass any law that violates with an amendment.
(10)
How did initially the US elections worked?
The United States Constitution declares that each elector in the Electoral College cast 2 votes- the person with the most votes becomes president and the second one becomes the vice-president.
New York city served as a military base to which country and until what year?
It served as a British military base until 1783.
Who were the founders, or who ruled these lands?
ALL colonies would eventually become ROYAL COLONIES controlled by the King of England, no matter the many reasons they were founded.
What was the stamp act?
It was the first internal tax that was demanded by the British Parliament upon the American colonists. This act imposed a tax on all the paper document in the colonies. It also came at a time when the British Empire was in huge debt due to the Seven Years war and then began to rely on its American Colonies for huge revenue.
What are the qualifications for being President?
A president candidate States must be at least 35 years old, has live in the united states for at at least 14 years and a natural-born U.S. citizen
What 2 countries were involved in the XYZ affair, and what Adams do about it?
France and the United States
Even though some federalist were into going to war, he contradict them by saying the best way to solve the problems was through calmly talking.
Name 1 of the reform movements and explain
The temperance movement: Temperance movement was an effort made by people with the whole purpose of limiting or outlawing the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the US.
Abolitionism: Was a reform with the purpose of abolishing slavery in the United States. It started as a religious movement, based on the roots of religion that stated that everyone was equal under the eyes of God, it gets to grow and evolved to be a political thing
Public school movement: This was a major reform which made a great effort to make education more accessible to children. The reform movement began in Massachusetts when Horace Mann during 1890 started the common-school movement
Reason(s) why the pilgrims established in New England?
to escape religious persecution in England, plus for financial gain
Reasons why the American Revolution started?
was principally caused by colonial opposition to British attempts to impose greater control over the colonies and to make them repay the crown for its defense of them during the French and Indian War
How many articles where in the constitution?
Name at least one and explain
seven
Article I – The Legislative Branch. The principal purpose of the legislative body is to make laws. It is split into two different bodies – the House of Representatives and the Senate. Congress is a legislative body that carries the authority to plan and pass legislation, borrow funds for the nation, indicate war and raise a military. It has the control to monitor and evaluate the other two federal branches.
Article II – The Executive Branch. takes care of the daily actions of the government. The executive branch works through several federal branches and agencies, like the Department of Treasury. The head of the branch contains the major power nationally: the elected president. The president says an oath to ‘faithfully execute the duties as president and to ‘preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States’. This article establishes all the responsibility of the presidents in order to maintain the nation.
Article III – The Judicial Branch. this article describes the authority of the federal court system. It states that the Supreme Court’ Judges can operate an office their whole life, unless they are withdrawn, accused, or sentenced to a crime. This article determines that the people who are facing charges imply to be investigated and judged by a jury.
Article IV – The States. Talks about the relation between the states and the government. For each state, the federal government promises to protect the country and any type of external or domestic violence. Declares the way new states can enter the Union. The article talks about how every state is equal and should be treated with respect in terms of laws, judicial decisions, etc created by their system.
Article V – Amendment. The founding fathers considered the idea of Future generations wanting to make changes in the Constitution for the wealth of the society. Congress and the states have the authority to create and amendment.
Article VI – Debts, Supremacy, Oaths. This article imposes that the US Constitution (all the laws in it), is the most powerful law of the land. Officials, from any branch of the government, must hold a promise to these laws.
Article VII – Ratification. The details and names of the founders who approved the Constitution, representing the original 13 states.
How did negative criticism start to haunt Adams and who he blamed for it?
Democratic Republican newspaper express their ideas through this. They use offensive words toward him, such as “the blasted tyrant of America”. As well, as criticizing its federal government.
Adams blame the democratic- republicans newspapers and the immigrants.
What was the result of the Seneca Falls Convention?
In 1848, The American women's rights movement began with a meeting of reformers in Seneca Falls, New York.
Out of that first convention came one of the most impactful document, the 'Declaration of Sentiments,' which demanded equal social status and legal rights for women, including the right to vote
Name some characteristics of the southern colonies
-Great farmers, based their economy in this
-Maryland: establish the Toleration Act: Granted religious freedom for Christians (only))
-Lots of Slavery
When and what was the declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776
The pronouncement that was adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Independence Hall in Philadelphia. This was able to explain the reason why the Thirteen Colonies that were fighting against the Kingdom of Great Britain were now regarded as an independent sovereign state. The colonies were no longer under the rule and oppression of the British. After this, the states stepped up to for the United States of America.
Describe the role of the Supreme Court
OR
Explain the system of separation of powers, and state
known as the most powerful court in the USA. It exists 9 of them and decisions cant be appealed. It has the power to overturn laws submitted by Congress if it’s considered not adequate. Members are nominated by the united state’s president and are confirmed by the senate.
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As a method of prevention of unbalance power, this system works as a tool to maintain fair and equal power through the federal branches. It gives checks and balances in order to avoid autocracy. The concept came from Montesquieu, who published his work “The Spirit of the Laws”, where he talks about the system the government should divide into branches of legislative, executive, and judicial, providing a way to liberty.
What did the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions propose and its effects?
They wanted to state the the alien and sedition acts will be no part of the constitution. They wanted to have more powerful laws than the federal government and be able to nullify their laws.
Kentucky:They passed an idea based on nullification if a state want to cancel the law in the state.
Virginia: A state could interpose, or could be place, itself between the government and the citizen that are part of the state. The acts were in contradiction of the alien and seditions acts.
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The other states didn't support this resolutions because they scared and didn't have the courage enough to go in a fight with the federal government. They were opposed to some new ideas that were contradicting the government.
In what consist the national banks, its purpose, and effects?
Local Banks were printing more money than of what they could.
National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864, purpose:
(1) create a system of national banks, (2) to create a uniform national currency (3)pay debts
Three results of the National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were that they gave the federal government the power to charter banks, the power to require banks to hold adequate gold and silver reserves to cover their bank notes, and the power to issue a single national currency.