Vocabulary
A stretch of the imagination
Cosmic Confetti
Model & calculating Redshift
Cosmic Microwave background
100
A theory that says the universe began as a small point that expanded rapidly about 13.7 billion years ago
What is the Big Bang Theory
100
Galaxy Beginning Distance after Distance speed Distance stretched Moved cm/sec Milky 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm/sec 1 1cm 2cm 1cm .5cm/sec
using the data above what is the speed of the galaxy in cm/sec
.5 cm/sec
100
What event in the history of the universe could this demonstration be used to model?
It could model the big bang and the creation and placement of galaxies after the big bang.
100
Redshift
100
A pervasive radiation that is seen in many directions that is the strongest evidence of the big bang theory.
What is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
200
A Large grouping of stars, planets, gas, and dust in space held together by gravity
What is Galaxy
200
Did all the galaxies move the same distance when the rubber band was stretched?
No, each galaxy doubled its distance.
200
What did the Green sequins, Silver sequins, red, and yellow sequins represent
Green = Hydrogen
Silver = Helium
Red = Oxygen
Yellow = heavier elements
200
H-alpha 656 nm
Leo galaxy has an observed wave length of 657.5 nm
How would you calculate the redshift?
First subtract 656 from 657.5 = 1.5
second divided 1.5 by 656 = 0.002286
200
How does the following statement support the idea of the big bang theory.
Almost all galaxies have a redshift
Almost all galaxies are expanding away from us.
300
a Unit of length equal to the distance that light travels through space in one year.
What is light year
300
how does the rubber band Model from explore 1 support Edwin Hubble's observation about the galaxies?
This model supported Hubble’s observation that galaxies farther away are moving faster, as evidenced by their redshift.
300
Why is there a difference in the amount of each element represented in the model?
Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element and is what sets off the fusion chain, producing helium and so forth
300
Using the following equation in which Z = the redshift, and c = the speed of light (3.00 x 105)
Calculate the velocity of the star in question whose redshift is .002286?
v = (0.00229) (3.0x105) = 686 km/s
300
IF the background temperature of the universe is not zero then what is currently happening in our universe?
The universe is still cooling down from the big bang’s expansion.
400
The change in wavelength that allows us to determine if an object is moving toward us or away from us
What is Blueshift / Redshift
400
How does this model support the theory that the universe is expanding?
This model supports the theory that the universe is expanding by showing that as galaxies have moved away, they must have begun at a single point. The rubber band shows that the space between the galaxies expanded.
400
.What factors may have affected the distribution of the sequins?
how full the balloon was, any airflow in the room, or where the sequins were inside the balloon before being popped.
400
d = v /H0 in which d = distance to the object, v = velocity of the star, and H0 = the Hubble constant (2.30 x 10-5)km/s/lyr.
Calculate the distance of the same with a velocity of 656
d = (686 km/s)/(2.3 x 10-5 km/s/lyr) = 29,800,000 lyr (29.8 million light-years).
400
The oldest stars in our galaxy have less than 1% of elements heavier than helium, while newer stars, such as the Sun, have 2% or more of heavy elements. What stage of there life cycle are these stars in?
Newer stars are still in their main sequence phase while Older stars have likely already ejected the heavier elements from their core during the planetary nebula or supernova phase.
500
A pervasive radiation, , seen in every direction that is evidence of the big bang theory
What is Primordial / cosmic microwave background Radiation
500
How do scientists use a star’s light spectrum and brightness to identify its composition, movement, and distance from the earth?
Stars emit energy in the electromagnetic spectrum, which scientists can measure. They can also measure the spectra different elements emit on Earth (spectroscopy) and compare these with a star’s spectra to determine its elemental composition. A star’s movement is determined by measuring any differences between an element’s true wavelength, as measured on Earth, and what a star emits. This wavelength difference is known as the Doppler effect, in which a shift toward the red end of the spectrum is called redshift and tells us the star is moving away (waves are expanding). A star’s brightness can be used to estimate its distance from Earth, the brighter stars are closer.
500
What observations make it impossible for scientists to assume matter and energy are distributed evenly throughout the universe in the Big Bang Theory?
Elements in the universe are found in differing amounts and are not uniformly distributed throughout. Analysis of light spectra from stars and galaxies show that the universe is made up primarily of hydrogen and helium. In addition, visual observations of space show that the universe is made up of galaxies (dense areas of matter and energy) separated by empty space. These observations prove that matter and energy are not distributed evenly throughout the universe; therefore, this assumption cannot be a part of the Big Bang Theory. For a hypothesis to be considered a theory, there must be not evidence that contradicts it.
500
How does the relationship between the redshift of galaxies and their relative distances and speeds support the Big Bang Theory?
Electromagnetic radiation emitted from an object moving away from you will have wavelengths that increase as the distance between their waves is increased;its wavelengths are moved towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, or are redshifted. Being able to measure a star or galaxy’s redshift allows scientists to calculate how fast it is moving and how far; the greater the redshift, the faster the object is moving and the greater the distance the object is from Earth. Observational evidence of galaxies show that most are redshifted and therefore have been expanding away from a single point, which supports the Big Bang Theory.
500
How does the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation support the Big Bang Theory?
The Big Bang Theory states that “The universe began with an explosion of hot material that has been cooling and expanding ever since.” In order for this theory to be true, there should be remnant energy from the explosion. The discovery of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation was the discovery of this energy. This energy radiates in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum and can be observed everywhere in the universe. This radiation has been expanding and cooling for so long, it has been redshifted to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The CMB radiation gives empty space a temperature above absolute zero