Leukemia
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia (more)
list common risk factors for developing cancer
smoking, alcohol, sun exposure, hazardous workers (chemicals/radiation), genetics,
what are the 3 treatment goals for the cancer patient?
cure, control, palliation
list some common side effects of chemotherapy
fatigue, N&V, alopecia, anorexia, stomatitis (many more)
this must be worn by a nurse administering radiation or when going into a patient's room receiving radiation therapy
micro film badge (dosimeter)
what are manifestations of leukemia?
bone marrow depression, tachycardia, pallor, jaundice, fever, lethargy, oral ulcerations (many more)
someone who has been infected with epstein-barr virus is at an increased risk for this complication?
Hodgkins lymphoma
this type of cancer easily metastasizes due to the amount of blood exchange that occurs here
liver cancer
what is extravasation?
the infiltration of the therapy agent into surrounding tissues causing necrosis (this requires immediate action by the nurse)
what is brachytherapy
radiation that is internally delivered close to the target site
what is the main goal of treatment for leukemia?
to obtain remission
Describe the TNM classification system?
T=tumor size N=lymph node involvement M= metastasis
at what age should women start/ typically start receiving mammograms?
40
why should the chemotherapy patient avoid large crowds?
because they have no ability to fight infection since all of their cells have been destroyed by the treatment
what is the ALARA principle?
used to describe how radiation therapy should be given, we want to expose them to radiation "as low as reasonably allowed" for desired outcomes.
this occurs when there are so many leukocytes that the bloods becomes clogged and thickens to block circulatory pathways?
leukostasis
list the stages of hodgkin's lymphoma
stage 1- only 1 lymph node is involved
stage 2- 2 or more lymph nodes involved on one side of the body
stage 3- lymph node involvement above and below the level of the diaphragm
stage 4- involvement of lymph nodes outside the diaphragm
chrons disease puts you at risk for this type of cancer?
colorectal cancer
this is the most effective way to give a vesicant chemotherapy drug
through a CVAD (central venous acess device)
what is external beam radiation?
the patient is exposed to radiation from an external source via megavoltage treatment machine. (this is the most common type of radiation)
what are the three stages of chemotherapy for the leukemia patient?
induction therapy, post induction therapy, maintenance therapy
describe the CAUTION acronym
Change in bowel habits or diet, A sore throat that never goes away, unusual discharge from any body orifice, thickening or a lump, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious mole or wart change, nagging cough
breast cancer can cause this oncologic emergency which is marked by facial swelling, distention of head and neck veins, and a mediastinal mass on chest xray
superior vena cava syndrome
why are chemotherapy drugs given at different times?
because there are cell cycle specific drugs meant to target a specific phase of the cell cycle and then there are generalized chemotherapy drugs that work during all phases of the cell cycle
what are the two ointments/ creams that can be used to treat dry desquimation?
hyaluronic acid and calendula ointment