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This is the basic working unit of the central nervous system.
What is a Neuron?
When determining risk versus reward, this tends to emphasize benefits while discounting dangers.
What is the adolescent brain?
These substances stimulate receptor sites by mimicking the action of naturally occurring neurotransmitters.
What are agonists?
Instead of interlocking, neurons are separated by these.
What are synapses?
Consuming more than one type of psychoactive chemical at the same time is called this.
What is polydrug use?
A neuron consists of a cell body (soma), the axon, synapses, and what?
What is dendrites?
This property of a drug, when greater, means withdrawal symptoms will be more severe once the drug is discontinued.
Selective tolerance is also referred to by this term.
What is differential tolerance?
Increased sensitivity to the same or even a lesser dosage of a drug over time is called this.
What is reverse tolerance or sensitization?
Cocaine use by pregnant women can cause abnormalities in infants because it reduces the supply of these two vital elements to the fetus.
What are blood and oxygen?
What part of neurons are contact points for communication between neurons?
This particular drug with continued use can produce tolerance.
What are depressants?
After absorption into the bloodstream, psychoactive drugs are quickly carried to this part of the nervous system.
What is the central?
In reaction to emotional memories formed by the intensity of drug euphoria, this brain structure operates outside of conscious control to trigger intense cravings.
What is the amygdala?
Catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine, along with endorphins, are examples of these chemical messengers in the brain.
What are neurotransmitters?
What activates nerve cell receptors to stimulate pleasurable feelings?
What is Dopamine?
This term refers to the amount of time it takes for a substance to be eliminated from the body.
What is half-life?
One of the last parts of the brain to fully mature is responsible for this complex human ability.
What is decision-making (or impulse control/executive functioning)?
This state of equilibrium is achieved through the body’s self-adjusting mechanisms.
What is homeostasis?
Brain imaging and other technologies show that the "addicted" brain is this compared to a "non-addicted" brain.
What is distinctly different (or structurally/chemically altered)?
This neurotransmitter, one of 100 found in the central nervous system, has received special attention because of its apparent role in the regulation of mood and affect and because of its role in motivation and reward processes.
What is Dopamine?
This structure acts as a gatekeeper, preventing certain substances from entering brain tissue.
What is the blood-brain barrier?
Chemicals in the presynaptic terminal that regulate neurotransmitter levels are known as these.
What are monoamine oxidases (MAO) or autoreceptors?
Depending on the type of this, electrical charges from an adjoining neuron are either inhibited or enhanced.
What is neurotransmitter?
An important part of the cell body, these tree-like branches receive messages from other neurons.
What are dendrites?