Psychology, Movement and Performance
Identify one factor of personal identity that can influence an athlete’s participation.
knowledge, values, attitudes, family, peers, confidence
Identify the three stages of skill acquisition
Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous
List the three energy systems
ATP-PC, LACTIC ACID, AEROBIC
Differentiate between slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibres, including function and sporting example.
Slow-twitch = fatigue resistant, endurance (marathon); Fast-twitch = powerful, quick fatigue (100m sprint).
Momentum is calculated by multiplying what two variables?
Mass x Velocity
List the four different types of motivation
positive, negative, extrinsic, intrinsic
Name one sporting example of a gross motor skill
rugby tackle, running, jumping
List all the 'macronutrient' types
Carbs, protein, fats
Compare concentric and eccentric contractions with sporting examples
Concentric = muscle shortens (bicep curl lift); Eccentric = muscle lengthens under tension (bicep lowering weight).
List one specific type of drag
surface or form
Which type of motivation is more sustainable for long-term participation: intrinsic or extrinsic? Why?
Intrinsic, because it is self-driven and linked to enjoyment and personal goals.
Which type of practice—massed or distributed—is better for beginners? Why?
Distributed, because it allows for rest, reflection, and avoids fatigue.
Which macronutrient is the body's preferred energy source for high-intensity activity?
Carbs
Describe the primary role of red blood cells
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Apply Newton’s First Law to explain why follow-through is important in a golf swing
Once in motion, the club will continue unless acted upon by another force; follow-through ensures maximum transfer of force to the ball without premature deceleration.
Give one example each of positive and negative motivation in sport.
Positive = encouragement from coach
Negative = fear of punishment for mistakes.
Differentiate between serial and continuous skills with examples.
Serial = linked discrete skills (gymnastics routine); Continuous = ongoing with no clear start/finish (cycling).
Why is carbohydrate loading used by endurance athletes before competition?
It maximises glycogen stores, delaying fatigue and reliance on fat metabolism.
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste products.
Apply Newton’s Third Law to a basketball dribble.
The ball pushes against the ground, and the ground pushes back with equal and opposite force, causing the ball to rebound.
How does self-regulation support behaviour change in exercise?
It helps individuals set achievable goals, monitor progress, and adapt their actions to stay committed.
Analyse how random practice supports skill development for elite athletes.
It improves adaptability and decision-making by simulating unpredictable game conditions.
Compare the energy demands and dominant energy systems in a 1500m race vs a 200m sprint.
1500m = predominantly aerobic with anaerobic contribution in surges/finish; 200m = anaerobic glycolysis dominant with ATP-PC at the start.
Analyse how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to meet oxygen demand during high-intensity interval training.
Increased ventilation and alveolar exchange provide O₂ to blood; circulatory system increases cardiac output and blood flow, delivering O2 to muscles and removing CO2 efficiently.
Analyse how air resistance impacts performance in sprint cycling and the strategies athletes use to minimise it.
Increased drag slows the rider; aerodynamic body positions, helmets, and suits reduce turbulence, improving speed.