Parts of the Brain
What type of cells are responsible for transmitting information in the brain and are crucial for learning and development in children?
What are neurons?
This degenerative disorder affects movement and is caused by a loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
What is Parkinson's disease?
This disorder, often diagnosed in childhood, affects attention and impulse control and may lead to hyperactive behaviour.
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
This part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, serving as the control centre for the body.
What is the central nervous system?
These connections between neurons, which increase rapidly in children, are strengthened through learning and experience.
What are synapses?
This neurological condition, often marked by sudden seizures, is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
What is epilepsy?
This type of severe headache, often marked by intense throbbing on one side of the head, can be accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light.
What is a migraine?
This reflex, named after a 19th-century scientist, occurs when a muscle automatically responds to a stretch or tap.
What is the patellar reflex (or knee-jerk reflex)?
Trauma to the frontal lobe can cause permanent changes to these.
What is behavioral and personality.
This essential element, found in foods like fish, nuts, and seeds, is crucial for brain and neuron development in young children.
What is Omega-3?
This progressive neurological disorder leads to memory loss and cognitive decline, often affecting older adults.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
This mental health disorder, characterized by extreme mood swings from mania to depression, is linked to imbalances in brain chemistry.
What is bipolar disorder?
This part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements and transmitting sensory information to the brain.
What is the somatic nervous system?
This fatty substance forms a sheath around neurons’ axons, helping speed up signal transmission, and continues to develop in children through adolescence.
What is myelin?
This autoimmune disease attacks the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness.
What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?
This treatment for severe depression involves sending electrical currents through the brain to alter its chemistry.
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
This automatic response to a stimulus is controlled by the spinal cord and does not involve the brain.
What is a reflex?
Recent studies indicate that the role of this part of the brain has been underestimated. Damage slows down, simplifies movement, and could affect cognitive processes like fine tuning.
What is the cerebellum?
This activity, encouraged in early childhood, helps neurons connect and strengthen the brain’s structure through sensory experiences.
What is learning and play?
This sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain can lead to symptoms like slurred speech and weakness and can result in brain damage.
What is a stroke?
This disorder, often triggered by a traumatic event, can cause flashbacks, anxiety, and emotional distress long after the event has passed.
What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
This response involves the release of hormones like adrenaline and prepares the body to react in situations of stress or danger.
What is the fight-or-flight response?