When an imperial country becomes rich by selling resources that it has taken from its colonies.
100
In present day, where would the 13 colonies have been located?
Along the easter coast of the United States.
100
Why did the British think it was important to colonize?
Because they believed that an empire was the way to achieve wealth and power.
100
What was the difference between how the British colonies viewed religion versus New France?
Only French Catholics were encouraged to come to New France whereas all religions were encouraged to come settle in the 13 colonies.
100
What were the 4 perspectives on mercantalism?
First Nations, King, English Colonist, and English Merchant
200
These French fur traders got their expedition funded by a group of British merchants. Who were they and where did they travel?
The Radisson and des Groseilliers & Hudson's Bay
200
Together, what did the 13 colonies become known as?
New England
200
Who was the first English explorer to try to build a colony in North America? Why did he/she fail?
Walter Raleigh. He failed because he and his colonists were not prepared for the harsh life on the North American wilderness.
200
How did trade help the 13 colonies advance faster than New France?
The 13 colonies were allowed to trade with other countries not just Britain. In addition, colonists were allowed to start their own businesses and grow crops for profit. New France only traded with France and all their trade revolved around the fur trade.
200
Describe the flow of goods between England and its colonies. Why is this a good example of mercantalism?
English colonies would sell their resources to England for little money. England would take these resources and use them and make products that the colonies would need and sell these products back to the colonies for a lot of money. This is a good example of mercantalism because it shows how England (the imperial country) continued to gain wealth and power by exploiting its colonies.
300
What was the Northwest Passage and why is it not an effective route?
It is a sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, that follows the Arctic Coast of North America. It was hoped to be used as a shortcut to Asia but remains highly unusable due to ice making travel dangerous.
300
Why was Virginia such a successful colony?
It had a mild climate that was well suited to growing tobacco. There was a high demand for tobacco in Europe which caused it to be in high demand.
300
Why were economics a reason why the British wanted to colonize?
Britain had watched some of their competitor countries (France, Spain, Portugal) become rich off of their colonies in the Americas. They hoped that by colonizing they would also make a lot of money.
300
How were the goals of France and Britain differ when it came to their colonies?
France did not want to invest in its colonies. Their priority was collecting furs and other natural resources from their colonies. On the other hand, Britain invested a lot of money into their colonies. They wanted to have large settlements that would allow them to gain both military and economic advantage over other imperial countries.
300
What is the Treaty of Utrecht?
It was a treaty signed by Britain and France in 1713 to create peace between the two imperial powers. It allowed the French to maintain control of the Fortress Loisbourg on present-day Cape Breton and the French colony of Acadia was given to the British. The British renamed this colony Nova Scotia.
400
Who were the Beothuk people and what happened to them?
They were the First Nations people who first lived on Newfoundland. The arrival of the British disrupted their way of life. The British and the Beothuk relationship soon turned violent and the British also brought disease. Soon the Beothuk people became extinct.
400
What were the 13 colonies?
New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
400
Why was it important that the British be a competitive force?
Spain and France were continuing to expand their empires and Britain was in competition with them. Britain wanted to stop them from becoming even more powerful.
400
Why did the climate of New France affect its growth?
The climate in the St. Lawrence Valley and Acadia were quite extreme. The winters were very long and cold which did not make it a good place for farming which made it difficult for colonists to make a living. This was the best place for finding furs, though, which was why France preferred it.
400
What was the perspective of the Mi'kmaq people?
The were concerned about the British presence in Nova Scotia. Where the British colonists built Halifax was one of their preferred coastal campsites. They were put into conflict by the French Allies and the governor of the British colony causing continued tensions to occur in Nova Scotia.
500
What was the significance of Rupert's Land and where was it located?
Rupert's Land was a trade monopoly controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company. They built trading posts at the mouths of important rivers. It covered all the lands drained by the rivers that flowed into Hudson Bay (it is now most of what is Western and Northern Canada).
500
What were the economies of the 13 colonies based on? Please be specific.
Producing various types of good (tobacco, corn, grains, lumber, furs, metal ores).
500
Why were quality of life and religious freedom important motivators in causing the British to colonize?
Quality of life: this was a driving factor because many British cities were becoming overcrowded and colonies would provide a place for some of the people to resettle.
Religious freedom: there were many religious groups in Britain (Puritans, Quakers, Baptists) and they were mistreated because of their beliefs. They wanted to resettle somewhere where they could practice their religions freely.
500
What was the difference in employment opportunities between New France and the 13 colonies?
The First Nation people, the coureurs de bois, and the fur traders ran most of the fur trade in New France which did not leave a lot of employment opportunities for the other people. The British were involved in farming, fishing, and logging which allowed a lot of opportunities for people to be employed.
500
Why did British explorers start to venture into the North and West?
The French started beginning to interfere in the British fur trade. The would meet the First Nation trappers before the trappers reached the British forts at Hudson's Bay. The British needed to travel into the interior to be able to compete with the French.