Geography
Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, eventually became known as this modern-day Turkish city.
What is Istanbul?
After the Iconoclastic Controversy, the Christian church split into the Roman Catholic Church in the West and this church in the East.
What is Eastern Orthodox?
This law code served as the basis of law and order in the Byzantine Empire.
What is Justinian's Code?
These people, frequently made the subjects of invading peoples, settled in the steppe that would become Kievan Russia.
Who are the Slavs?
This powerful city was referred to by Russians as the "third Rome" after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks.
What is Moscow?
Under Justinian, the Byzantine Empire regained most of the lands of this former empire.
What is the Western Roman Empire?
At its outset, the Eastern Orthodox Church recognized the patriarch of Constantinople as the central authority of the church, whereas the Roman Catholic Church recognized this position, which is still at the top of the Catholic hierarchy today.
Who is the Pope?
The Byzantine Empire developed a strong navy, and ships were equipped with this weapon, which set ships as well as the water surrounding them ablaze.
What is Greek fire?
Who are boyars?
Ivan the Terrible took this royal title because he considered himself the heir to the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
What is czar?
Kiev developed on the banks of this river, often used as a trade route between the Byzantines, Slavs, and Scandinavian peoples.
What is the Dnieper?
This magnificent church, now a mosque in Istanbul, was built in six years during the reign of Justinian.
What is the Hagia Sophia?
Brothers Cyril and Methodius created this alphabet, which is still used by many Slavic languages today.
What is Cyrillic?
In the 12th and 13th centuries AD, almost all of the cities in Kievan Russia had been either conquered or destroyed by these people, who originated farther east in Asia.
Who are the Mongols?
This Russian Great Prince became the first ruler of the independent state of Russia after ceasing to acknowledge the Mongol khan as Moscow's supreme ruler.
Who is Ivan the Great (Ivan III)?
Constantinople was situated on this strait, connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.
What is the Bosporus?
As the Orthodox Church in Russia became more independent from Constantinople, this branch of the Orthodox Church developed, with its patriarch centered at Moscow.
What is the Russian Orthodox Church?
Constantinople, and thus the Byzantine Empire, finally fell in AD 1453 to these people, whose empire would last into the 20th century.
Who are the Ottoman Turks?
This leader of a Viking trading people called the Rus, eventually took over Novgorod and Kiev and developed the cities into great trading centers.
Who is Rurik?
This Russian ruler's reign included opening the territory of Siberia for Russian settlement as well as the murder of his own son.
Who is Ivan the Terrible?
Under Ivan the Terrible, the Russian state gained new lands, stretching from Siberia in the northeast to this sea in the west.
What is the Caspian?
This ruler of Kievan Russia, who wanted to marry the sister of the Byzantine emperor, was primarily responsible for the diffusion of Christianity into Russia in the late 10th century AD.
Who is Vladimir I?
Under this general of Justinian's army, the Nika Revolt was crushed in 532 AD, and most of the lands of the Western Roman Empire were recaptured.
Who is Belisarius?
The Pravda Russkia, meaning "Russian Justice", which was based on tribal customs as well as older laws and traditions, was introduced by this ruler of Kievan Russia.
Who is Yaroslav the Wise?
This leader of Moscow was awarded the title of Great Prince by the Mongols after cooperating with them.
Who is Ivan I?