Beginnings
Constantinople
Justinian
The Eastern Orthodox Church
Conflict between East and West
100
In which two continents did the Byzantine Empire exist?
Europe and Asia
100
Why was Constantinople easy to defend? What did the Byzantines do to defend it? (two ideas)
It was surrounded on three sides by water. They fashioned a chain across the harbor to guard against seafaring intruders. Miles of walls fortified by watchtowers and gates discouraged invasions by land and by sea.
100
What was the name of his wife and what did she help him do in order to maintain his empire?
Theodora insisted that he remain in the city and put down a revolt.
100
Which group ranked just below the emperor in matters of religion?
Patriarchs
100
Describe the difference in the type of cultural influence that existed between the Western and Eastern empires.
Western Roman Empire was influenced by Germanic and Frankish cultures (spoke Latin) while the Eastern Empire was influenced by Greek culture (spoke Greek).
200
When did the Byzantine Empire fall? To whom did it fall?
In 1453 to the Ottoman Turks
200
Why did Constantinople grow to be a very wealthy city?
It was a crossroads of Europe and Asia and the many seas and overland trade routes linked east and west.
200
What was the initial result on Constantinople of the squashing of the revolt?
Constantinople was in ruins and it needed rebuilding.
200
How did the Pope and the Patriarch differ in their authority?
The Pope had supreme power over all clergy in the RCC. But the patriarch of Constantinople did not claim strong authority over other patriarchs and bishops. He was a "first among equals".
200
After the fall of Rome, _____________ gradually emerged as powerful figures in Western Europe and they claimed supreme religious authority over all Christians.
Popes
300
Who moved the capital city of the Roman Empire to the east? What was the original name of the city he moved it to?
Constantine moved it to the city of Byzantium.
300
What was the culture and language of the city?
Greek
300
Constantine did THREE things to improve his empire which he is remembered for. Name two of them.
(1) Rebuild the city - Hagia Sophia, bridges, roads, public baths,parks, hospitals (2) Tried to reclaim some of the Roman Empire's lost territory in Spain, North Africa, Italy (3) Created a systematic body of law called the Justinian Code
300
True or False? Orthodox priests cannot marry. True or False? Roman Catholic priests cannot marry.
False and True
300
What was the conflict of iconoclasm about? Who was involved? What happened?
Eastern Christians believed that people were wrongly worshiping icons as if they were divine. Byzantine Emperor Leo III banned the use of religious images in all Christian Churches and homes. Pole Gregory III excommunicated the emperor.
400
What did he then name this capital city? It eventually became known as _________________.
New Rome and then Constantinople
400
What were two characteristics of the city which made Constantinople comfortable?
Sewer system and social services (hospitals, homes for elderly, orphanages)
400
For the emperor, the city of Constantinople linked both _________________ and ______________.
Religion and Government
400
What is the Eastern Orthodox Church's equivalent to Mass?
The Divine Liturgy
400
Pole Leo III crowned Charlemagne the Holy Roman Emperor even though Empress Irene was the ruler of the Byzantine empire. Why did he do this?
(1) to establish a strong army to support him if the Byzantines attacked (2) he believed that Irene was not capable of ruling because she was a woman
500
What was the only way in which the two empires, East and West, remained connected?
Through the common religion of Christianity
500
Name two things that the emperor provided to the poor citizens of Constantinople to make their lives better.
(1) entertainment - chariot races (2) bread (in exchange for public work)
500
Who was the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church?
The emperor
500
Describe the architecture and artwork that are found in an Eastern Orthodox Church.
Square base (earthly world) and domed roof (dome of heaven). Icons on small wooden panels, images on mosaics or mural paintings, Christ the Pantocrator on domed ceiling, icon of Mary.
500
Byzantine Emperor Cerularius closed all churches that practiced with Western rites (RCC). What resulted from this?
Pole Leo IX sent a cardinal to Constantinople, laid down a bull and excommunicated Cerularius. A split, schism, between east and west was complete. (until 1964)
M
e
n
u