People
His revelations developed into the religion of Islam
Muhammad
belief or principle of a group of people
doctrine
person who follows Islam
Muslim
Who organized the land into zones called themes?
Heraclius
Challenges faced by early Christians
persecution and false teachers
Led an army to reclaim land lost by the Western Roman Empire
Belisarius
open air stadium for sports and social events
hippodrome
The three cities sacred to Muslims
Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
The Turks who conquered the Byzantine empire
Ottomans
Renewed interest in trade after the Crusades led to the growth of...
towns
Called the council of Nicaea to discuss the doctrine of the Trinity
Constantine
nomadic person who did not speak Greek or Latin and did not adopt Roman culture
barbarian
Islamic holy war
jihad
Constantine moved the capitol from Rome to...
Constantinople
Foreign soldier hired to fight for a country
mercenary
Simplified Roman laws
Justinian I
people who support traditionally accepted principles of faith
orthodox
Islamic view of Jesus
Jesus was a prophet who pointed people to Muhammad
Ordered the destruction of all icons
Leo III
Lasting contributions of the Byzantine empire
Greek learning, philosophy, and literature
Convinced Justinian to stay and fight during the Nika Revolt
Theodora
sacred image representing Christ, Mary, saints, or other sacred objects
Icon
What Islam thinks about eternity
No one guaranteed heaven- determined by Allah's mercy
This group did NOT rally behind Justinian in the Nika Revolt
The nobles
The locational advantages of the Byzantines
1. surrounded by water on 3 sides
2. protected by high cliffs on three sides
3. ideal for trade and defense