Define
Communal lands
Areas of forests and pastures that peasants could use for agriculture or livestock
Who were the nobility?
A privileged class whose mission was to protect society.
What religion were most Europeans during the Middle Ages?
Christian
How many groups were there in the feudal system?
Three
What percentage of the populations were peasants?
A - 75%
B - 50%
C - 90%
C - 90%
Feudalism
Feudalism was the political, social and economic system in Western Europe between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Charlemagne
An emperor who united the majority of western and central Europe
What did the castle symbolise?
The military power of the nobility and the control they exercised over the fiefdom and its inhabitant
How was the King chosen?
The position is hereditary so they were born into it
Which of these were NOT part of the nobility?
A - Dukes
B - Counts
C - Bishops
C - Bishops
Stately reserve
The area reserved for the lord, includes the castle, the best land and rivers
Who made up the underprivileged estate?
Pesants and artisans
What kind of powers did the King have?
Exclusive powers e.g. directing military campaigns, acting as a supreme judge
How did pilgrimages benefit the local area?
Economic development
What was the main economic activity?
A - Agriculture
B - Business
C - Livestock
A - agriculture
Tithe
One-tenth of the harvest, taken as tax
Who were members of the lower clergy?
Priests, monks, nuns
What did the nobles do in their day to day life?
Inspect lands, receive vassals, delivering justice, collecting food and checking the fortifications and weapons
How did the feudal system work?
Each level of society was dependent on the others, in a pyramid
How many counties was the Carolingian Empire divided into?
A - 150
B - 250
C - 175
B - 250
Vassal
A person how has a mutual obligation to someone else and is dependent on them.
Who (which groups) invaded Western Europe in the 9th and 10th century?
Muslims, Normans and Hungarians
What was the function of the underprivileged estate?
To maintain the privileged and to pay taxes to the king
How did the clergy gain power?
Through wealth, with was gained through the ownership of property and land, as well as the tithe.
How many crusades took place from this time to the 13th century?
A - 5
B - 6
C - 7
C - 7