The Catholic Monarchs
These two monarchs unified their kingdoms to form the foundation of modern Spain
Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon
In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs conquered this last Muslim stronghold in the Iberian Peninsula.
Kingdom of Granada
Isabella became the heir to Castile in 1468 after the death of this person.
Alfonso, her brother
The Catholic Monarchs created the Inquisition primarily to target these two religious groups.
Jews and Muslims
The Catholic Monarchs supported this Italian explorer’s voyage to the New World in 1492.
Christopher Columbus
The Catholic Monarchs belonged to this ruling dynasty.
Trastámara dynasty
The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand led to the unification of these two major kingdoms.
Castile and Aragon
Isabella refused to marry the King of Portugal because he was also this relation to her.
Uncle
The Inquisition used these brutal methods to extract confessions.
torture and public executions
Columbus was originally seeking a westward route to this continent.
Asia
Many of Isabella’s political adversaries, including her brother Henry IV, mysteriously died in this way.
Poisoning
Although unified under the same monarchs, Castile and Aragon each maintained these independent systems.
Their own laws and institutions
Isabella's brother, King Henry IV, initially tried to marry her to this powerful nobleman, who later died mysteriously.
Pedro Girón
This term refers to the forced conversions of Jews and Muslims in Spain.
Conversos and Moriscos
This agreement, signed in 1494, divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This war, fought between 1475 and 1479, determined Isabella's claim to the throne of Castile.
War of the Castilian Succession
Ferdinand inherited this kingdom in 1479, officially uniting it with Castile.
Aragon
This was the city where Isabella and Ferdinand secretly married in 1469.
Valladolid
People found guilty by the Inquisition were often burned at the stake in this kind of public execution.
An auto-da-fé
The wealth gained from the Americas helped Spain become the most powerful nation in Europe during this century.
16th century
While Castile and Aragon supported Isabella in the War of the Castilian Succession, this kingdom backed her rival, Joanna la Beltraneja.
Portugal
The Catholic Monarchs weakened the power of this class by controlling the Cortes and the Councils.
Nobility
After Henry IV's death, Isabella's right to the throne was challenged by this rival, backed by Portugal.
Joanna la Beltraneja
The Inquisition was officially established in 1478 under the guidance of this powerful clergyman.
Tomás de Torquemada
This system, established by Spain in the New World, allowed colonists to force Indigenous people into labor.
Encomienda system