Chromosomes
A protein around which DNA is wrapped around
What are histones?
The phase a cell is in when it is not currently dividing
What is interphase?
The five steps of mitosis
What are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
The nuclear envelope is still intact in this phase
What is prophase?
Composed of cyclins and Cdks, this molecule phophorylates proteins used in mitosis
What are MFPs?
Pertains to organisms carrying two sets of genetic information
What is diploid?
DNA polymerase is vital for this stage
What is S phase?
Formed by two centrosomes extending microtubules to pull apart chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
What is the mitotic spindle?
An imaginary equator upon which chromosomes sit during a phase in mitosis
What is the metaphase plate?
If chromosomes are not appropriately attached to spindle fiber at this point, cellular division stops.
What is M1 checkpoint?
Duplicates of one another;pulled apart during mitosis.
What are homologous pairs (or sister chromatids)?
Even if the nucleus has been successfully duplicated, the cell is still one cell until this occurs
What is cytokinesis?
During this process, spindle fibers are shortened as daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of cell
What is anaphase?
When this phase is complete, the nuclear envelop has just dissolved, spindle fibers are attached to condensed chromosomes
What is prometaphase?
Mutation of these genes causes unregulated cell division
What are proto-oncogenes?
A region of sequences on a chromosome where it is attached to its sister chromatid
What is a centromere?
The first phase of interphase
What is G1?
Consists of one centriole and it's microtubules at one pole of a cell during mitosis
What is an aster?
DNA is unraveled in the nucleus with nucleolus present; phase the cell is in before mitosis
What is G2?
Responsible for repairing DNA mutations
Kinetochore
What term describes the protein complex where spindle fibers are attached to chromosomes during mitosis?
The cell cycle
What consists of two main phases, interphase and m phase, which are respectively broken up into three and two subphases?
Metaphase
What is the term that describes the cellular process during which chromosomes are aligned on the metaphase plate via spindle fibers attached to each kinetochore?
Telophase
What term describes the cellular process during which two daughter nuclear envelopes form and chromosomes begin to unravel?
Tumor-suppressor genes
What genes are responsible for stopping the cell cycle when a cell is ill-fit to divide?