G1
S
G2
M
Random
100
True Or False:
The G1 phase is always the same duration?
False
100
Which of the following represents the S phase of the cell cycle?
B
100
True or False:
The G2 phase is the shortest phase of interphase?
True
100
During which phase do chromosomes first become visible?
Prophase
100
Cell division cannot be stopped during which phase of the cell cycle?
A. G1 phase
B. G2 phase
C. S phase
D. All of the above
C. S phase - Once the DNA becomes replicated, you cannot stop the cell division.
200
What occurs during the G1 phase?
The cells accomplish most of their growth and make proteins along with organelles needed for normal functions of DNA synthesis.
200
In the S phase of the cell cycle...
A. Amount of DNA remains the same in each
B. Chromosome number is increased
C. Amount of DNA is reduced to half in each cell
D. Amount of DNA is doubled in each cell
D. Amount of DNA is doubled in each cell.
200
There are 7 proteins that aid with the checkpoint found in the G2 phase. Name 3.
Wee 1- Negatively regulates entry into mitosis by catalyzing an inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of the Cdc2/ cyclin B kinase complex.
p21- Allows DNA repair to proceed while inhibiting apoptosis.
HUS1- Loss of this results in enhances upregulation of the BH3- only proteins which initiate mitochondrial apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
RAD9A- Participates in DNA repair, including base excision repair, homologous recombination repair and mismatch repair, multiple cell cycle phase checkpoints and apoptosis.
Cdc25- Activates the cyclin B1/CDK1 complex in cells for entering mitosis and regulates G2/M progression.
ATM serine/threonine kinase- Activated by DNA double strand breaks. It phosphorylates several key proteins that initiate activation of the DNA damage checkpoint, leading to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis.
Mdm2- regulates the cell cycle by modulating expression of the CDK inhibitor 21.
200
Which of the following stages is it best to observe shape, size, and number of chromosome?
A. Anaphase
B. Metaphase
C. Prophase
D. Telophase
B. Metaphase
200
Central nervous system cells spend most of their time in which phase of the cell cycle ?
G0- They do not divide so they do not need to experience growth . As a result, they remain in the G0 phase known as the resting phase.
300
Which of the following is stored in the G1 phase?
A. ATP
B. Tubulin
C. Histones
D. All of the above
A. ATP and enzymes are stored in the G1 phase while histone protein is synthesized in the S phase.
300
On average, how long does the S phase last ?
8 hours
300
How many chromosomes are present in a human somatic cell during the G2 phase?
46- There will be 92 sister chromatids but only 46 chromosomes.
300
Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?
A. Chromosomes condense
B. Separation of the sister chromatids
C. Replication of the DNA
D. Formation of the spindle fibers
C. Replication of the DNA
This occurs during interphase not during mitosis
300
Which of the following phases of the cell cycle make up what is known as interphase?
A. M, S, and G2
B. G1, G2, and M
C. G1, S, and G2
D. G1, S, and M
C. G1, S, and G2
400
What is synthesized in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
DNA Polymerase- A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, which are the molecular precursors of DNA. During the G1 phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and protein that are required for DNA synthesis and for this process, DNA polymerase is needed.
400
What occurs during the S phase ?
The cell replicates its DNA, resulting in chromatid pairs that will split apart during mitosis.
400
What is being checked for at the G2 checkpoint?
DNA is being checked to ensure that all chromosomes were duplicated and that there are no mistakes in the newly synthesized DNA. The cell size and energy reserves are also evaluated at this checkpoint.
400
What is the correct order of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
400
During what stage of the cell cycle would you expect to have the lowest amount of cellular growth and synthesis taking place?
M phase
500
What protein is needed during the G1/S checkpoint to ensure that cells do not pass on their damaged DNA through cell division?
p53 - A protein that regulates the cell cycle and functions as a tumor suppressor.
500
What cyclin/ CDK complexes are needed to initiate DNA synthesis in the S phase?
Cyclin E and CDK2 - They regulate multiple cellular processes by phosphorylating numerous downstream proteins.
500
What is being made during the G2 phase? These will aid later on in mitosis by creating the mitotic spindle.
Microtubules
500
What structure is labeled "x" in the following picture?
Centriole
500
The checkpoint at the end of which phase is considered the most important aspect of cell cycle regulation, as any potential problems with it can lead to cancer?
G2- If this checkpoint is not functioning correctly, cells can undergo rapid and unregulated division, resulting in cancer.