Interphase
What are the three phases of interphase?
Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
what is the term for the cells created during cytokinesis?
They are called daughter cells after they split.
True or False: Stem cells are specialized
False
What happens during synthesis?
Chromosomes replicate and divide to form identical sister chromatids.
What happens during Anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
True or False: Cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells?
True
True or False: adult stem cells are less likely to get rejected by the other cells than embryonic stem cells
True
What happens during Gap 1?
the cell grows and synthesizes proteins. Checkpoint number 1
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell, spindle fibers connect the centromere of each sister chromatid to the poles of the cell.
What happens during cytokinesis?
the division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells.
What is the main difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells can become all of the types of cells in the body while adult stem cells are thought to be limited to the kinds of cells they can become.
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
A benign tumor is a mass of abnormal cells that remain at the original site and malignant tumors are a mass of these cells that invade and impair the function of one or more organs.
What happens during Gap 2?
Cells continue to grow and produce the proteins necessary for cell division. Checkpoint number 2
What happens during Telophase?
Chromosomes uncoil, a nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each pole of the cell, spindle fibers break down and dissolve, and cytokinesis begins.
What happens to plant cells during cytokinesis?
A cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei and it gradually develops into a dividing membrane, then a cell wall forms in the cell plate
What do scientists think plant stem cells can be used for?
They can be used to screen new medicines and offer the potential to produce under controlled conditions such as pigments, perfumes, and insecticides.
What causes cancer?
When control of the cell cycle is lost it can result in the unsupervised division of cells which causes cancer.
What is the purpose of the checkpoints?
Make sure everything is perfect and there are no complications before dividing.
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes condense and become more visible, the nuclear membrane disappears, the centrioles separate and move to opposite ends of the cell, spindle apparatus of the centrosomes form.
What happens to animal cells during cytokinesis?
The cell membrane forms a cleavage furrow that eventually pinches the cell into two nearly equal parts each containing its own nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles.
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of renewing themselves by cell division; under certain conditions, they can differentiate into one or more types of cells.