Interphase
What is the second stage of interphase?
S
What happens during Anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate apart. The separated chromatids move to the opposite of the cell.
How do cancer cells grow?
It evades destruction and will continue to divide by mitosis and each daughter cell will be a cancer cell.
What is a stem cell?
Undifferentiated cells
What do cells have to go through?
Differentiation
What are the checkpoints in interphase?
G1 and G2
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What do cancer cells do to the human body?
they enter the blood and lymph vessels of the circulatory system and invade parts of the body, where they grow to form new tumors.
What are cons of stem cells?
Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to the types of cells in the tissue of origin. Adult stem cells are difficult to isolate from the original tissue and are difficult to grow in culture. It is unknown how the immune system might react to embryonic stem cells.
What do cells start as?
Blastulas that have not differentiated yet.
What happens during S phase?
Chromosomes replicate and divide to form identical sister chromatids.
When does mitosis happen?
After interphase and before cytokinesis.
How can you get cancer cells?
Gene mutations that turn the cell from a normal cell to a cancer cell.
What is the use for stem cell research?
Scientists use stem cells to study normal growth, development, and differentiation. This research can help to identify the causes of cancer and birth defects that result from abnormal development.
What do have the same of?
Chromosomes and DNA
Why are checkpoints needed in interphase?
To check for mutations that cause cancer.
What happens during cytokinesis?
It divides cytoplasm into 2 individual cells.
What are the different tumors?
Benign and malignant.
What is the importance of plant stem cells?
Many important compounds are derived from plants such as medicines, pigments, perfumes, and insecticides.
True or False: During the process of differentiation, only specific parts of the DNA are activated
True
What is the purpose of interphase?
Cell growth and preparation for mitosis and cytokinesis.
What is the difference in cytokinesis in animal vs plant cells?
In animal cells the cell membrane forms a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell into equal parts each containing its own nucleus.
In plant cells a cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei which develops into a separating membrane. the cell wall forms in the cell plate.
What do the different tumors mean?
Benign means noncancerous.
Malignant is cancerous.
What are the pros of using human stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells can become all of the types of cells in the body. Embryonic stem cells can be grown in culture and can divide indefinitely producing large numbers of cells for research. Scientists think that adult stem cells are less likely to be rejected by the immune system because a patient’s own cells can be used
Why do cells differentiate?
Different genes are expressed differently in cells.