Cell Growth
The process of mitosis and cellular division allows multicellular organisms to do which of the following?
A Metabolize nutrients
B Grow larger
C Perform photosynthesis
D Repair mutations
B. Grow larger
Multicellular organisms are able to develop into full grown adults from a single cell because of the process of --
A cellular division C cellular respiration
B photosynthesis D recombination
A cellular division
Which of the following is most closely associated with cancer?
A Reduce cell size
B Recessive genes
C Rapid cell division
D Bacterial infection
C Rapid cell division
Which of the following is identical in a skin cell and a muscle cell from the same individual?
A Cellular shape
B Amount of ATP
C Genetic material
D Cell function
C Genetic material
Before DNA replication can take place what has to happen to the DNA?
A Thymine is replaced with Uracil
B It separates between the nitrogen bases
C The DNA is transcribed into tRNA
D It is translated into a protein
B It separates between the nitrogen bases
When DNA replication is complete, each set of identical DNA contains one of the cell’s original strands of DNA paired with a newly constructed strand of DNA. This method of DNA replication is referred to as --
A facilitated copying C transformational
B semi-conservative D gene splicing
B. Semi-conservative
Before DNA replication can occur, the double-stranded DNA must first --
A be transcribed into RNA
B be translated into amino acids
C cellular respiration
D separate between the nitrogen bases
D separate between the nitrogen bases
Which of the following is most closely associated with cancer?
A Reduce cell size
B Recessive genes
C Rapid cell division
D Bacterial infection
C Rapid cell division
While all of the cells in an individual are derived from a single cell, they can differentiate to take on many different types of structure and function. Cells can become specialized because --
A mutations can alter the molecular structure of cell membranes
B each cell expresses a different combination of genes
C scientists have discovered how to alter the DNA sequences of humans
D different cells utilize various forms of RNA nucleotides
B each cell expresses a different combination of genes
Mitosis is an important process for a multicellular organism’s --
A metabolism
B fight or flight response
C growth and repair
D adaptation
growth and repair
The reason that children grow and get larger as they mature is because --
A small cells combine into super cells
B cells gain mass as they mutate
C each cell keeps increasing its volume
D their cells are dividing and multiplying
D their cells are dividing and multiplying
If a tiger has 38 chromosomes in each of its cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis?
A 19 B 27 C 38 D 76
C. 38
How do normal cells differ from cancer cells in the way they respond to cell cycle checkpoints?
A Normal cells ignore checkpoints, while cancer cells follow them
B Normal cells stop when errors are detected, while cancer cells do not
C Normal cells divide faster than cancer cells
D Normal cells cannot perform apoptosis, while cancer cells can
B Normal cells stop when errors are detected, while cancer cells do not
The cells within a multicellular organism contains the same set of DNA, but two cells might produce a very different set of proteins. How is this possible?
A Cells can have different sets of mRNA molecules because different genes are expressed.
B Different cells produce different proteins based on the amino acids they can absorb.
C Ribosomes translate mRNA strands differently depending on the type of cell they are in.
D Viral infections can alter the way eukaryotic cells translate their genes into proteins.
A Cells can have different sets of mRNA molecules because different genes are expressed.
Tumors are the result of disruptions to which of the following processes?
A Meiosis
B Chemosynthesis
C Mitosis
D Respiration
C Mitosis
The process of mitosis occurs in eukaryotic cells so that --
A animal cells produce chloroplasts
B daughter cells are genetically identical
C positive mutations can be encouraged
D cytoplasm can be conserved to parent cells
B daughter cells are genetically identical
Which stage of the cell cycle is associated with the replication of DNA?
A Gap stage B Resting stage
C S phase D Mitosis
C S phase
If a cell’s DNA is damaged and the cell passes the G₁ checkpoint anyway, what is most likely to happen?
A The cell will shrink and die immediately
B The cell will divide normally
C The damaged DNA may be copied, leading to abnormal cells
D The cell will permanently stop dividing
C The damaged DNA may be copied, leading to abnormal cells
Stem cells can replace specialized cells within damaged tissue. Once they are in place, stem cells receive chemical signals which activate the appropriate set of genes. This demonstrates that which of the following plays a role in cell differentiation?
A Radiation
B Environment
C Antibodies
D Blood type
B Environment
A scientist examines a cell and observes that it has a large number of mitochondria. The scientist concludes that these cells need large amounts of --
A energy
B carbon dioxide
C sunlight
D chromosomes
A energy
umans begin as one cell called a zygote, but when babies are born they contain billions of cells and a full grown adult contains trillions of cells. This demonstrates which of the following?
A Mitosis prevents babies from being born with too many cells
B Cell division is a primary factor in the growth of living things
C Mutations allow adult humans to contain more cells than other organisms
D Humans are the result of uncontrolled cellular division
B Cell division is a primary factor in the growth of living things
The replication of DNA occurs inside what organelle?
A Lysosome
B Nucleus
C Ribosome
D Vacuole
B. Nucleus
If apoptosis did not occur in a multicellular organism, what would most likely happen?
A The organism could grow uncontrollably due to damaged cells
B The organism could stop growing completely
C The organism could lose the ability to repair DNA
D The organism’s energy production would increase
A The organism could grow uncontrollably due to damaged cells
Muscle cells require large amounts of energy. This explains why muscle cells contain a greater than average number of --
A nuclei
B mitochondria
C vacuoles
D lysosomes
B mitochondria
Which of the following is identical for all of the cells in the brain, heart, skin, muscles and bones of a dog (or any organism)?
A Cellular function
B Apoptosis
C Chromosomes
D Receptor proteins
Chromosomes