The Cell Cycle

Stages of Cell Cycle

100

The stage where the cell pinches in half to produce two identical daughter cells

Cytokinesis

200

DNA replicates during this phase

What is the S phase?

300

The cell grows during this phase

G₁ phase

400

Cell prepares to divide during this phase

G₂ phase

500

Name the phases of Interphase in order

G₁ phase, S phase, G₂ phase

Chromosome structure

100

Chromosomes loosen and become this

Chromatin

200

Chromatin condense and become this

A chromosome

300

One half of a duplicated chromosome

Sister chromatid

400

Located in the center of a chromosome and holds the two sister chromatids together

Centromere

500

What structure attaches to the centromeres of chromosomes and eventually pulls the chromatids apart?

Spindle fibers

Mitosis

100

Name the phases of Mitosis in order

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

200

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

Metaphase

300

Sister chromatids are pulled away from each other and move to opposite ends of the cell

Anaphase

400

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle fibers start to form, and nuclear envelope breaks down

Prophase

500

Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and loosen into chromatin, nuclear membrane starts to reform

Telophase

Cell Separation and Cancer Cells

100

When body cells lose the ability to control their own growth, this is known as what?

Cancer

200

This forms in plant cells at the end of telophase that combines with the cell wall to split the cell into two cells at cytokinesis

Cell plate

300

This forms in animal cells at the end of telophase that eventually pinches the cell into two cells during cytokinesis

Cleavage furrow

400

What are the three checkpoints in the cell cycle?

G₁, G₂, and M checkpoints

500

What is the difference between a malignant and benign tumor?

Malignant: can spread to other parts of the body and is harmful

Benign: doesn't spread to other body parts and isn't harmful

Numbers

100

How many times does a cell divide during mitosis?

Once

200

How many cells are made at the end of mitosis?

2

300

How many phases of mitosis are there?

4

400

How many sister chromatids make up 1 chromosome?

2

500

If a cell in mitosis starts with 46 chromosomes, how many should its identical daughter cell have at the end?

46