Cellular Division
What are the 3 purposes of cell division?
Growth, repair, and reproduction
In regards to the body what is the purpose of cells going through mitosis?
Growth and repair
Which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up?
Metaphase
What phase of Meiosis II does the nuclear envelope begin to reform?
Telophase II
The region where sister chromatids are attached.
Centromere
During this phase of the cell cycle the cell replicates its DNA
S Phase
The phase where chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Prophase
The result of Meiosis in 4 new ________ cells.
Haploid
How many divisions are their in Meiosis? How many cells are produced during this process?
2 divisions
4 new haploid cells
What is the name of the process in which the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form new cells?
Cytokinesis
This is the collective name for the first three phases of the cell cycle where the cell is growing and preparing for division.
Interphase
The phase where sister chromatids separate.
Anaphase
What is the major difference between anaphase in mitosis and anaphase in Meiosis I?
During anaphase in mitosis the sister chromatids separate.
During anaphase I during meiosis the sister chromatids stay connected and instead the homologous chromosomes are split.
Briefly explain why meiosis MUST result in haploid cells instead of diploid cells like mitosis.
Meiosis must produce haploid cells so that when two gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid number of chromosomes.
What is the name of the cell formed from the fusion of gametes?
Zygote
What is the main type of asexual reproduction that prokaryotic cells use? Example: bacteria
Binary Fission
What is the name of the structure that breaks down during prophase?
Nuclear Envelope
This process is one of two methods cells use to ensure genetic diversity. It occurs during Prophase I.
Crossing Over
After the first cell division in meiosis how many chromosomes and sister chromatids do the two new daughter cells have? What about after the second division?
First division: 23 chromosomes 46 sister chromatids
Second Division: 23 chromosomes 23 sister chromatids
A cell with two sets of chromosomes.
Diploid Cell
What are the stages of interphase? What happens at each phase?
G1: Cell growth
S: DNA duplication
G2: Preparing for division
The phase where chromosomes are aligned at the equator. of the cell.
metaphase
During Metaphase I the chromosomes will line up in a random order down the middle of the cell. What is the name of this process?
Independent Assortment
During Meiosis II the main goal is to separate the _________ __________.
Sister Chromatids
Biological name for reproductive cells like sperm and egg.
gametes