01
What is the fundamental unit of life?
The cell.
Who first discovered cells?
Robert Hooke.
In what year did Robert Hooke discover cells?
1665
What term did Robert Hooke use to describe the tiny pores he observed?
Cells
What did Robert Hooke observe under the microscope?
Thin slices of bottle cork.
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?
Metaphase.
What term did Leeuwenhoek use to describe the motile objects he observed?
Animalcules
Who suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells?
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Who stated that animals are composed of cells?
Theodor Schwann
Who is credited with the discovery that all plants are made of cells?
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Which part of the cell is known for its role in controlling the entry and exit of substances?
Cell Membrane
Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?
S Phase
it is the region where two sister chromatids are attached.
centromere
Name a chromosomal disorder caused by an error in meiosis.
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
What are the two primary types of cells?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
What is the main function of the cell wall?
To protect the plasma membrane and support the cell.
What is the cell membrane made of?
A double-layered thin barrier. A glycerophospholipids, molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains.
What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
The cell increases in mass and the number of organelles in preparation for cell division.
What does the nucleus contain?
Nearly all the cell’s genetic material.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
To transport synthesized proteins (Rough ER) and synthesize lipids (Smooth ER).
Where do cells spend most of their time?
interphase
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
How is meiosis different from mitosis?
Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes, while mitosis results in two identical diploid daughter cells.
What is the function of ribosomes?
To translate genetic information into proteins.