vocabulary words
monasticism
the practice of living the life of a monk
Ci_ter_ian
A Cistercian was a monk who followed the Cistercian order of monasticism. This order was far stricter and got rid of any distractions to the monks from God. Later on, the Franciscans and Dominicans orders had risen up, and they had their monks live in poverty and preach about God. The Dominicans had chosen this way of life for their monks due to how it would defend the Church against heresy. On the other hand, in following this way of life, Franciscans wished to return to a life of simplicity and poverty.
What type of people did common people believe would help get them a favor from God if they prayed to them?
Saints. Saints were holy people who were thought to hold a special spot in heaven. This is why many commoners prayed to them. In honor of the upcoming holiday spirit, one of the saints was Saint Nicholas who is now known more commonly as Santa Claus.
Who was John Wyclif?
John Wyclif was an English scholar who led the first translation of the bible into English, allowing us to read it today. He had followers who were against corruption and formed the Lollard movement
Did the monasteries ever have a problem being managed correctly?
Yes, they did, this is what led to new orders and reforms to correct the monasteries. This would be an example of how society’s view on the church would lead to it’s diminish in power.
missionary
a person sent out to carry a religious message
What was the main work of beneficent monks?
Beneficent monks were required to copy manuscripts, that was their main work. Monks would copy early works of Christianity and works of Latin authors in the writing room at a monastery.
Did Christians worship relics?
Yes, relics were supposed to cause miracles of hope for the people. As seen before as to how saints were considered holy, well any object linked to a saint, be it by blood or belonging, was to be honored.
Who was Leoba?
Leoba was a nun who had stablished the very first convent in Germany. This was a big step in spreading Christianity to the entire European world.
Would European kings start to reject the papal claims of supremacy in the 1200s?
Yes, kings would deny the power that the popes had, and this led to struggles against the church and emperor. An example of this would be when Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV had argued about the king taxing the clergy but that the pope needed to give his consent. The king rejected any claims the pope made and sent his forces to bring Boniface to trial, although Boniface did manage to escape. After the pope’s death, disagreements with the papacy grew due to how the popes were not living in Rome but in Avignon and with splendor. Eventually this caused Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome.
heresy
the denial of basic Church doctrines
True or false: Monasteries played a role in society
True. Monasteries promoted the feudal system,
Was religion an everyday matter in Medieval Society?
Yes, religion was important to the commoners because it gave them the hope of salvation from God himself. This is why people pray multiple times a day and eventually make a pilgrimage to a shrine. Since Religion was so important, it created a demand for churches and thus increased the power of the church overall.
Who was Dominic de Guzman?
Dominic was a Spanish priest who established the Dominican order of monasticism. He wished to defend the church from heresy and so he made this order up of men who were poor and could preach effectively to the masses.
What caused Europe to divide in 1378 to 1417?
Two popes had been elected at the same time due to how the French wanted a French pope instead of an Italian. On one side of Europe, England supported the pope in Rome while on the other side, France supported the one in Avignon. Both popes detested the other and this event, named the Great Schism, only weakened the church’s power.
interdict
a decree by the pope that forbade priests from giving the sacraments of the Church to the people
What was some of the other work both nuns and monks did?
Monks and Nuns would take charge of being charitable to the needy and spreading the word of Christianity all over the European world. Missionary work was an important aspect of being devoted to God. The efforts of these monks and nuns reflected back onto the general society by their faith in God.
What was the Inquisition?
The Inquisition was where the church had wanted to defend against heretics and did so by searching for them and punishing them if found guilty. In their mindset, it was the humane thing to do, for humanity.
Who was Gregory VII?
Gregory VII was a pope who was against lay investiture an wanted to reform the church. He and King Henry IV disagreed with him on this matter due to how it would challenge his power by taking away a rulerright to nominate someone to church offices. Greogory VII paved the way for a compromise on this topic known as the Concordat of Worms where a bishop would be chosen by officials of the church but would also pay homage to the king.
True or False: John Hus was accused of heresy and burned alive by the king?
False, the church had burned John Hus due to how they wished to defend the church from all and any form of heresy.
lay investiture
the practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office
True or False: Convents and Monasteries didn’t promote education and learning.
False, both convents and monasteries provided opportunities for being educated. This came from the nuns and monks’ wishes to spread education.
When the church’s political power decreased in the early 1440s, did that decrease Christianity in the Middle Ages?
No, although the church had a lot of its political power, Christianity still continued to be apart of people’s everyday life, leaving a mark on society forever.
Who was Hildegard of Bingen?
Hildegard was an abbess at a convent in Germany and is signficat due to how she contributed to the Gregorian chant and was acknowledged as a composer in a world where men ruled almost everything, including music as sacred as the church’s.
Did John Hus’s reform against the church dimmish its power further?
Yes, due to how the Czechs had led a rebellion against the church in Bohemia in response to John Hus’s death, society only distrusted the church more and eventually the church lost almost all of its political power by the early 1400s.