The year that the code was revised that lead to overlapping jurisdictions.
What is 2008?
A type of agency that is not a court but operates like a court in deciding disputes over statute-based rights, entitlements, and duties.
What is a tribunal?
The branches of government not shown in this image.
What are the Legislative and Executive Branches?
Procedure and normative standards that exist in the space between domestic legal structures and international law
What is global administrative law?
Notice, participation, representation, presentation of evidence, cross examination, being heard in a timely manner, receive a timely decision with rationale, basing decisions on evidence presented, and the person who hears must decide are all elements of:
What is the Right to be Heard (Fairness)?
This Administrative Tribunal Duty or Obligation involves the AT’s obligation to prevent excessive or inordinate delay in issuing its decision.
What is the Duty of Efficiency (Delay)?
They are the 2 criterions of the Arunachalam approach.
What is subjective/objective criterions?
Without this, advocacy before a tribunal or other agencies is likely to not be effective.
What is thorough preparation?
The leading judicial authority on fairness?
What is Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)?
Refers to the “broken links” between decision makers and those impacted by the decision
What is a democratic deficit?
A formal, written document outlining the tribunals consideration of a matter including the decision-making process.
What is the requirement to give reasons?
This Administrative Tribunal Duty or Obligation describes the decision maker’s obligation to ensure that decision makers demonstrate their reasoning behind their decision, and come to a reasonable result.
What is the Duty to Explain (Reasons)?
The HR Code authorizes adjudicators across forums to award compensation for injury to____.
What is an individual's dignity, feelings, and self-respect.
Components of useful and ethical advocacy.
What are building confidence and trust & showing respect?
The obligation of participants to provide sufficient evidence to prove a point in a dispute.
What is the burden of proof?
A type of social pressure that influences developing nations participation in global governance
What are external social contracts?
Taking care to ensure facts have been presented and summarized accurately, without distortion or exaggeration and legal principles are fairly outlined.
What is Ethical Advocacy in Closing Submissions?
This Administrative Tribunal Duty or Obligation requires that all mediation discussions remain confidential.
What is the Duty of Fairness (Natural Justice)?
This is the forum that has the highest awards for human rights damages?
What is the Human Rights Tribunal?
"Every agency is the master of its own process."
What is the Inherent Powers Doctrine?
This image shows the opposite of the principle of
What is ethical advocacy?
Participation of these types of organizations are often expected to represent the public interest
What are NGOs?
Selecting the reading that was only three pages in length but instead ended up having to review a book that was 305 pages.
What is why Lisa thought she would be getting off easy?
This Administrative Tribunal Duty or Obligation requires that ATs prove their record of good governance through independent audits.
What is Governance (Ensuring Fairness)?
This is the approach name to identify subjective-objective criterions of a human rights case.
What is the Arunachalam approach?
When the law does not provide an answer, the adjudicator (decision makers) must use ________ to determine if an action in question is "reasonable" and "fair" as opposed to "right" or "wrong".
What is discretion?
This is the most recent case before the courts that has set a foundation for a more unified decision-making system for human rights damage awards?
What is the Strudwick v Applied Consumer & Clinical Evaluations Incorporated.
This form of accountability can incorporate elements of several other approaches with the notion of soft power
What is public reputational accountability?
Clear, direct, and forward looking actions, expressly permitted under the guiding legislation, to right the wrong that had been made.
What are Orders/Remedies?
This Administrative Tribunal Duty or Obligation requires that decision makers prevent bias from influencing the decision.
What is the Duty of Fairness (Natural Justice)?