The Church's Power
After the fall of the Roman Empire, what was the largest and most powerful institution in western Europe?
The Catholic Church
Who is credited with inventing the efficient printing press with movable type in Europe?
Johann Gutenberg
What was Martin Luther’s profession before he became a leader of the Reformation?
A monk
What does the word "reform" mean?
To change something in order to improve it or make it better
This term refers to a belief or opinion that goes against the official teachings of the Church.
Heresy
What two-word phrase does the author use to describe the Church because it held communities together through common beliefs?
Social Glue
What word, meaning "to completely change something," is used to describe how the printing press affected communication?
Revolutionize
What famous document did Martin Luther post in 1517 to criticize the practices of the Catholic Church?
The 95 Theses
What is the name of the major branch of Christianity that was created as a result of the Reformation?
Protestantism
If a person is described as "devout," what does that mean?
Name one service the Church provided during the Middle Ages besides religious ceremonies.
Education - Helping the poor - Provide Security/Order
How did printed books differ from the hand-written books made by monks?
More affordable, less time to make, and accessible to more people
Luther strongly opposed this practice, where the Church collected money in exchange for a "pardon" for sins.
Selling Indulgences
Which German prince protected Martin Luther and refused to turn him over to the Pope for punishment?
Frederick III
In the context of the Reformation, what does the term "salvation" mean?
Why did the Church have absolute authority over people's lives during this time?
Taught people how to live in this world and how to get to Heaven
True or False: Gutenberg’s invention was a key reason why Martin Luther’s ideas were able to spread successfully.
True
What did the Pope order Luther to do after his 95 Theses?
Recant
This reformer believed that people should lead a simple life of self-discipline devoted to God.
John Calvin
To "defy" someone, such as when Luther defied the Pope, means to do what?
To go against. To refuse to obey
What was the most serious punishment the Church could use against someone who disobeyed its teachings?
Excommunication
What was the first book that Gutenberg decided to print?
The Bible
How did Luther respond when the Pope issued a "papal bull" (official decree) ordering him to recant?
He burned it in a bonfire in front of a crowd
According to the text, the Reformation began as a religious debate but grew into what two other types of change?
Political and Social Change
This word describes something that is expensive or wasteful rather than a necessity, which many reformers criticized the Church for.
Extravagance