Cold War Origins
This American policy, first outlined in the Truman Doctrine of 1947, aimed to stop the spread of communism.
What is Containment?
In 1947, Truman announced this policy pledging U.S. support to nations resisting communism, beginning with aid to Greece and Turkey.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
This Wisconsin senator became the face of anti-communist hysteria in the early 1950s by claiming communists had infiltrated the U.S. government.
Who is Joseph McCarthy?
Eisenhower’s 1954 foreign policy doctrine promised U.S. aid to Middle Eastern nations resisting communism.
What is the Eisenhower Doctrine?
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What is Containment?
This group of screenwriters and directors were blacklisted and cited for contempt of Congress in 1947 after refusing to testify about alleged communist ties in the film industry.
Who are the Hollywood Ten?
At this February 1945 conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed on the division of Germany and free elections in Eastern Europe.
What is the Yalta Conference?
Truman approved this 1948 European recovery plan, which provided billions in aid to rebuild Western Europe and prevent communist influence.
What is the Marshall Plan?
In 1947, President Truman created this program requiring federal employees to undergo loyalty checks for communist ties.
What is the Loyalty Review Board (or Loyalty Program)?
Eisenhower’s policy of threatening a nuclear response to deter Soviet aggression was known by this term.
What is massive retaliation?
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What is NATO?
This July 1945 meeting of Truman, Churchill (later Attlee), and Stalin focused on postwar Europe, including the administration of defeated Germany and demands for Japan’s surrender.
What is the Potsdam Conference?
Winston Churchill used this phrase in a 1946 speech in Fulton, Missouri, to describe the division of Eastern and Western Europe.
What is the Iron Curtain?
This U.S. diplomat authored the 1946 Long Telegram and later the “X” article, laying the foundation for America’s policy of containment.
Who is George Kennan?
This congressional committee investigated alleged communist influence in Hollywood, leading to the blacklisting of actors and writers.
What is the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)?
Eisenhower relied heavily on this CIA tactic, to overthrow governments in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1954).
What is covert action (or covert operations)?
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What is Fallout?
In 1955, the Soviet Union and seven Eastern European nations formed this military alliance in response to NATO.
What is the Warsaw Pact?
In response to Western plans to unify Germany’s economy, Stalin initiated this 1948–49 crisis, which the Allies countered with an airlift.
What is the Berlin Blockade?
In 1949, Truman committed the U.S. to its first peacetime military alliance, formed to counter Soviet aggression in Europe.
What is NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)?
Arthur Miller’s 1953 play about the Salem witch trials was widely seen as an allegory for this Cold War-era hunt for communists.
What is McCarthyism (or the Red Scare)?
This term described Eisenhower and Dulles’s strategy of pushing confrontations with the Soviets to the edge of war without going over.
What is brinkmanship?
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What is brinkmanship?
This “father of the atomic bomb” faced a 1954 security hearing and lost his clearance amid fears that he might have communist sympathies during the Red Scare.
Who is J. Robert Oppenheimer?
This Soviet leader’s 1946 “Two Camps” speech declared that the world was divided between imperialists and communists, escalating tensions with the West.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
After U.N. forces pushed North Korean troops back to the Yalu River in late 1950, this nation entered the war with hundreds of thousands of troops, forcing a stalemate.
What is China?
These two American citizens were executed in 1953 for allegedly passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.
Who are Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
In his 1961 farewell address, Eisenhower warned that this “complex” of the armed forces and defense contractors could exert undue influence on American politics and society.
What is the military-industrial complex?
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What is Sputnik?
Passed in 1950 over President Truman’s veto, this law required communist organizations to register with the government and allowed the detention of suspected subversives during a national emergency.
What is the McCarran Act?