Regents
Part 1 of Global History Regents
Multiple Choice
Mughal Empire
Who: Barbur, King Jahangir, Akbar the Great, Aurangzeb, Descendants of Genghis Khan, Hindus govern by Muslims
What: Religious tolerance and equality at first then Aurangzeb imposed Islamic law on everyone. King Jahangir gave open trade to England and its Merchants, allowed Britain to collected taxes, British East India Company , British rule and colonization
When: 1500s- 1700s, 1750
Where: Present day India, Some of Pakistan, Asia
Why: King Jahangir too friendly gave open trade to English merchants, invite King of England as a friend became dominated by imperial nation, Imposed Islamic law created political rivalries
How: Permitted English to build forts and warehouses, British East India company collect its own taxes and took over politics and economy
Mary Wollstonecraft
Who: writer educated woman activist
What: suffrage, fought for gender equality
When:1700s, 1792
Where: England, Europe
Why: Women are being oppressed because they are women, woman had no political power, small access to economic freedom, handed from father to husband without liberties
How: Wollstonecraft was a influential writer and activist, educated
1st and 2nd Estate
Who: Clergy, Nobles
What: Smallest of French population but had most wealth power and land, did not pay taxes, grew corrupt
When: 1700s pre-revolutionary France
Where: France
Why: Absolute Monarchy, rigid social class structure
How: Absolute Monarchy, rigid social class structure, loyalty to king
Simon Bolivar
Who: Political and Military Leader of resistance movements in South America, The Liberator, Educated Creole
What: Helped many countries gain independence from Spanish Empire, Led military campaigns, Political ambassador
When: Early 1800s, Post American and French Revolution
Where: Latin America, South America, Spanish colonies
Why: Social Hierarchy based on Ethnicity, Privilege of Peninsulares, oppression, Enlightenment ideas, success of French and American revolutions
How: Led a series of military campaigns that won independence for multiple countries, Allied with Jose de San Martin, politics with Spain, education
Part 2 of Global History Regents
Constructed (short) response Questions
Tokugawa Shogunate
Who: Japan, Tokugawa Iesayu, Shogunate,
What: Japan United under the Shogunate, rule of law replaces the rule of sword, limit powers of Daimyo to unify Japan, feudal system, 200 year seclusion,
When: 1600s
Where: Japan, Asia, European
Why: Christian missionaries, distinct culture, close country edicts, European Imperialism, Strength of Daimyos, centralized feudal government
How: Alternate attendance policy, economic prosperity, law, unity, Isolation/Seclusion
Enlightened Despots
Who: Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, Joseph II
What: Leaders who enacted reforms aligned with Enlightenment ideas
When: 1700s
Where: Prussia, Russia, Europe
Why: Absolute Monarchy, peasant rebellions, Enlightenment ideas, progressive society, censorship
How: enacted reforms and policies to combat censorship, promote religious tolerance, built schools and hospitals
3rd Estate
Who: Peasants, middle class, poor city workers
What: heavy tax burden, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, riots, seizure of bastille, natural rights, consent of the governed
When:1700s pre-revolutionary France
Where: France
Why: Absolute monarchy, restricted liberties, heavy tax burden, rigid social class structure,
How: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, riots, Enlightenment ideas, fraternity
The Spanish Empire
Who: Spain, Monarchy, Viceroys, Conquistador
What: Colonize Latin America, Encomienda System, Social Hierarchy based on Ethnicity.
When: European exploration/imperialism, 1500s -late 1700s
Where: Latin America, Western Hemisphere, Spanish Colonies
Why: Imperialism, Raw Materials, Exploration, Mercantilism, Profit/Economic gain
How: Conquest, Conquistador, Permission from Monarch, Social Hierarchy based on Ethnicity, Worked natives to death.
Part 3 of Global History Regents
Enduring Issues Essay
Bourbon France
Who: King Louis XIV & XV, nobles of court of Versailles
What: France replace Spain as most powerful European nation, Absolute monarchy, limit noble power, over spending, warfare
When: late 1600s
Where: France, Europe, Palace of Versailles
Why: limit power of nobles, consolidate power to the king, warfare, French culture and influence at its height in Europe
How: Absolute Monarchy, Divine right, The gilded cage, warfare, economic deficit
Democracy
Who: Citizens, Enlightened Thinkers, Enlightened Despots, Napoleon, Maximilien Robespierre
What: form of government in which the citizens have a say, protected rights, liberty, justice, property, consent of the governed, equality under law
When: pre-revolutionary France, the 1700s, now
Where: France, Europe
Why: Absolute Monarchy, Individualism, Natural rights, Enlightenment
How: Declaration of the rights of man and citizen, The French Revolution, seizure of the Bastille, give people rights, elect leaders, vote, equality under law
The Reign of Terror
Who: Maximilien Robespierre, The radical Jacobins, 3rd Estate, French citizens
What: Murder of tens of thousands of people, often by guillotine, wipe out all signs of old regime
When: The French Revolution, 1700s, 1792, 1793, 1794
Where: France, spread throughout Europe
Why: Absolute monarchy, democracy, radical, historical circumstances of France, Declaration of rights of man and citizen, corrupt officials
How: Violence, Murder of King and Queen, instatement of the Directory, Guillotine, radical reforms, thousands imprisoned
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Who: Military leader, self-educated former slave, familiar with Enlightenment ideas.
What: Led revolt, first successful overthrow of foreign rulers, Gained Haitian independence
When: Late 1700s, revolt in 1791, slavery outlawed 1798, 1804 DOI
Where: Haiti (Saint Domingue), French colony, Latin America
Why: Africans enslaved and being worked to death, Social Hierarchy based on ethnicity, Enlightenment ideas, success of French and American revolutions.
How: Led revolt against French, Won Haiti Independence, Guerrilla warfare, education
MANDATORY amount of paragraphs for Enduring Issues Essay?
Five
Ottoman Empire
Who: Ottoman Turks Suleiman the Magnificent, Millets
What: Captured Constantinople and overthrew Byzantine empire, holy land(Palestine), Conquest of area on 3 continents, military advances, lasted 600 years, cut out of trade eventually began decline economically, large land too diverse many unrepresented factions wanted liberty, European military advances eventually caught up and ottoman thwarted by alliance of European nation-states
When: 1500s - 1700s, 1750
Where: Southeastern Europe, North Africa, The Middle East, Turkey, Constantinople, Istanbul, The holy land, Palestine, Egypt, Balkans, Russia, Crimean Peninsula
Why: Empires conquest other lands, overland trade, military advances, Muslim lead religious tolerance
How: Advances in military technology, Golden age, Islamic law, Allowed other religions to work in government , declined when Europeans began sea route for Asian goods instead of overland and cut Ottomans out of trade, nationalism in a diverse sped up decline, Eventually European alliances waged war on the old aged empire until world war I
The Social Contract
Who: Jean-Jacques Rosseau, citizens of France
What: Deal/agreement between citizens and government, Citizens give consent/permission to be governed while government protects citizens natural rights
When: pre-revolutionary France, 1700s
Where: France, Europe
Why: Absolute Monarchy, King Louis' failures, 3rd estate tax, social hierarchy, lack of resources, need for reform, lack of democracy
How: Rosseau was a popular philosophe and writer, Enlightenment, historical circumstances of France
Napoleon Bonaparte
Who: Emperor of the French
What: Conquest of many European nation-states/countries, Put family in European monarchs positions, spread of Enlightenment ideas, caused nationalism in France, cause of alliances and unification in Europe, reestablished absolute monarchy after The French Revolution
When: 1700s, post revolution France, early 1800s, 1804
Where: France, Europe
Why: Ambition, France's need of a strong leader, King Louis's failures, imperialism, empire, historical circumstances of France, The Enlightenment, The Reign of Terror, the Directory
How: worked up from low-level military officer to leader after winning battles. reestablished absolute monarchy/ emperor, religious tolerance, equality under law, colonization, made family members replace other monarchs in Europe, Coup D'etat
Congress of Vienna
Who: Representatives/Diplomats of the Monarchs of Europe
What: create laws, unification, returned throne to monarchs replaced by Napoleon, Wanted balance of power so no nation would get too strong
When: 1800s, 1815
Where: Europe, Vienna
Why: Enlightenment ideas, traditionalism, conservatism, Napoleon, unification, Austria, Prussia, prevent France from going to war again, maintain peace
How: created laws "congress" returned throne to monarchs replaced by Napoleon, Peaceful organizations, the Concert of Europe
MANDATORY amount of cited documents for Enduring Issues Essay
At least Three documents
West African Kingdoms
Who: Benin, Dahomey, Ashanti
What: Imperialized by Portugal and other European nations, Raw resource trade, Slave Trade, traditional village style living, tribal living, disunity made them susceptible to imperial conquest, triangular trade
When:1600s to early 1800s, 1750, 1700s
Where: West Africa, The Gold Coast, Benin, Dahomey, Ashanti, Nigeria, Ghana
Why: European imperialism, global trade, Portugal trying to go to Asian through the Atlantic ocean, village style living and disunity made them easier for conquest
How: Allowed European to build ports and trade posts on land, exported gold , wood, ivory until slave trade became culture, Global trade, Triangle trade
The Scientific Revolution
Who: Copernicus, Newton, Galileo the People of the church, scientists
What: Era in which scientist used observation and experimentation to prove ideas, Era in which the people began to question the church, government, and traditional knowledge
When: Age of Enlightenment, 1500s - 1600s
Where: Europe
Why: The Church had been teaching that the Earth was the center of the Universe. Scientist proved the Sun was the center of the Universe which led to people using reason to question traditional knowledge.
How: Science, math, scientific method, reason, people began to practice individualism
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Who: French Citizens, The National Assembly, 3rd Estate
What: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, social contract, natural rights, tax people accordingly, religious tolerance, limited monarchy
When: 1789, 1700s
Where: France, Tennis Court Oath
Why: Absolute Monarchy, Democracy, failures of King Louis, Enlightenment ideas, The French Revolution
How: Limited Monarchy, Legislative assembly, The French Revolution, riots and fighting, burning of noble land, church under government control
Otto Von Bismarck
Who: Chancellor of Prussia, Chancellor of Germany, military leader
What: Blood and Iron, unification of Germany, won 3 wars in 7 years, Put Wilhelm I as Kaiser he remained Chancellor until they began to disagree, and became a republic
When: 1800s, post Congress Vienna, 1862, 1864, 1866, 1870 3 wars in 7 years
Where: Germany, Europe, Prussia, France, Italy, Denmark
Why: loyalty to Prussian King, make Prussian King ruler of strong and united Germany, Napoleon, Congress of Vienna
How: Allied with Austria to seize land from Denmark, Turned on and defeated Austria, Defeated France, Blood and Iron, Realpolitik