The Beginning of the Crusades
A series of religious wars between European Christians and Muslims that occurred between 1096 and 1291.
What were the crusades?
The result of the Crusader's attack on Damascus.
What is a humiliating defeat for the Crusaders, when Damascus's ruler was forced to call on Nur al-Din for help?
What drove the Crusaders to topple the Byzantine emperor Alexius III.
What is power struggles between Europe and Byzantium?
The king who organized the failed Seventh Crusade.
What is Louis IX of France?
One main effect of the Crusades caused by a greater need for supplies and transportation.
What is improved trade throughout Western Europe?
The reason Alexius asked Pope Urban II to request mercenary troops.
What are Turkish invaders from the east?
The name of the two kings who led the second crusade.
Who were King Louis VII of France and King Conrad of Germany?
The reason Crusaders declared war on Constantinople.
What is the strangling of the Byzantine emperor Alexius IV.
Took power in Egypt when the Crusader Kingdom was struggling.
What were the Muslim Mamluks?
An increased interest in two factors that paved the way for the renaissance.
What is an increased interest in travel and learning?
What Pope Urban called on Christians to aid the Byzantines in.
What is recapturing the Holy Land from Muslim control?
The events that inspired the third crusade.
What were the Crusader's many failed attempts to capture Egypt and the seizing of Cairo?
The end of The Fourth Crusade.
What is the fall and conquest of the Byzantine capital, Constantinople?
Following the Mamluk's demolition of Antioch in 1268, Louis organized the eighth crusade for this reason.
What was to aid the remaining Crusader States in Syria?
How the Crusades weakened Europe.
What is by sending millions of Europeans to the Middle East to fight Muslims?
The city that the crusaders and their Byzantine allies were able to capture before making their way towards Jerusalem.
What is the Syrian city, Antioch?
The name of the western settlement captured by the Seljuk general Zangi, whose captivity kickstarted the third crusade.
What is Edessa?
The events of the Fifth Crusade.
What was a failed land and sea attack on Egypt, in which the Crusaders were forced to surrender to Muslim defenders?
What happened in 1291, following the eighth crusade.
What is the fall of one of the last remaining Crusader cities to the Muslim Mamluks?
What are peasants that could buy their own land and become their own masters?
What occurred at the end of the first Crusade.
When did the Egyptian Fatimids that occupied Jerusalem forced to surrender to the Crusaders?
The result of the Third Crusade.
What is a peace treaty between King Richard I and Saladin that re-established the Kingdom of Jerusalem?
The effect of the treaty between Emperor Frederick II and al-Kamil.
What is the transfer of Jerusalem to Crusader control? (Muslims were able to take back control, however, only a decade after.)
What happened in the 16th century.
What is support for the Church's efforts to organize new Crusades diminishing?
The reason lords could no longer keep control of peasants.
What is a high demand in the service of peasants?