Start of the Crusades
Why did the Crusades start?
Christians wanted to take back the Holy Lands.
What were the two sides of The Crusades?
Christians and Muslims
Why did Christians win the 1st Crusade?
Muslims were taken by surprise.
How did the crusades effect travel?
people left manors for 1st time; exploration
Who was the lowest level on the feudal system?
peasants/serfs
What was the symbol the Crusaders wore?
red cross
Who was Pope Urban II?
He was the pope during the start of the Crusades and helped rally support.
What was the result of the 2nd Crusade?
Muslim forces won; the Holy Lands were back in Muslim control
How was trade effected during the Crusades?
trade routes were opened up; more trade happened than during the heart of feudalism
What was the reason behind needing feudalism?
protection from invaders
What did Pope Urban II promise for people participating in the Crusades?
forgiveness of people's sins; salvation
Who was Richard the Lionheart of England?
He won many battles against Muslims; signed a truce with Saladin so Christians could travel freely to the Holy Lands
Why was the 3rd Crusade unique?
It ended in truce; Christians could travel to Holy Lands, but they stayed in Muslim control
How did cultural diffusion with the Arabs help Europeans?
ideas of medicine, washing with soap, numerals, algebra
What was one rule of chivalry for knights?
protect the weak; be Christian; be kind to the ladies
Why was it important for Christians to take back the Holy Lands?
Christian pilgrims were getting killed on the way to the Holy Lands.
Who was Saladin?
Muslim leader; known for being fair & truce with Lionheart
Give two ways the 4th Crusades was a disaster?
armies attacked and looted other Christian cities; Constantinople was attacked/captured by Crusaders; Muslim armies won
How was the feudal system affected by the Crusades?
many Lords died- so people left the manors for towns/cities; protection was not as necessary with trade & travel reopened
Give two groups of people who were part of the nobility.
kings, queens, nobles, lords, ladies, barons, knights
Who (or what region) asked for help from Pope Urban II, leading to the start of the Crusades?
The Byzantine Emperor; Byzantine Empire
What happened during the Children's Crusades?
children were unprepared and dies of starvation,disease, or were sold as slaves
Overall, were the Crusades successful? Explain.
No- Christians never got the Holy Lands for good
Yes- Christianity was spread and secured across Europe
What was the most important impact of the crusades? Support your answer.
various
What is a vassal?
someone who swore loyalty and to protect the person "above" them in the feudal system