Causes
What city did Christians want to regain control of?
Jerusalem
In what year did the First Crusade begin?
1096
Who was the famous Muslim leader of the Third Crusade?
Saladin
Did the Crusades increase or decrease trade between Europe and the East?
Increase
What symbol was often sewn onto Crusaders' clothing?
A cross
Who asked for help against the Seljuk Turks?
The Byzantine Emperor
What major city was captured by Crusaders in 1099?
Jerusalem
Which English king fought in the Third Crusade?
Richard the Lionheart
What new goods became more common in Europe after the Crusades?
Spices, silk, sugar (any one)
What does the word "Crusade" come from?
The cross (Latin crux)
Which pope called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
Which Muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?
Saladin
Which French king joined the Third Crusade?
Philip II of France
Which European cities became wealthy from Crusade trade?
Venice and Genoa
How many major Crusades are usually recognized?
Eight
What religious motivation encouraged many Europeans to join the Crusades?
Forgiveness of sins/salvation
Which Crusade was known for attacking Constantinople instead of the Holy Land?
The Fourth Crusade
Which German emperor drowned while traveling to the Third Crusade?
Frederick Barbarossa
Did the Crusades strengthen or weaken the Byzantine Empire?
Weaken
True or False: The Crusaders permanently held Jerusalem after 1099.
False
Name one economic reason people joined the Crusades.
Wealth, land, or trade opportunities
What city became the capital of the Latin Empire after the Fourth Crusade?
Constantinople
Who delivered the speech at Clermont that launched the First Crusade?
Pope Urban II
Name one long-term effect of the Crusades.
Increased trade, cultural exchange, weakened feudalism, or stronger monarchies
What was the main goal of the First Crusade?
To capture Jerusalem and the Holy Land