Origins
Who declared the First Crusade in 1096?
Urban II
Marxist from Ireland
Conor Kostick
What is the most important primary source for the First Crusade?
What is penitence?
Being forgiven for your sins
What is a Crusade?
What was the Cult of the Holy Sepulchre?
A religious movement encouraging pilgramage to the Holy Land.
Student of JRS
Marcus Bull
What is a Charter?
A legal document stating land would be looked after by the Church
Where did most Crusaders come from?
France
What global event significantly influenced JRS?
The Cold War
Which empire asked for assistance to fight Islamic invasions?
The Roman (Byzantine) Empire
Where do most Crusade historians come from?
Britain/England
Who were the Laity?
Poeople involved in the Church
Was gaining wealth a major motivation for Crusaders?
Yes, but did not have much impact on them
What is academic history?
History produced by professional historians, usually in universities
What is the name of the council the First Crusade was declared at?
The Council of Clermont
What does Gibbon believe about the origins of the Crusades?
It was largely an exercise of Church authority
What is a chronicle?
A record of seasonal weather patterns in a local area.
What did the Church do to encourage people to Crusade?
Moratoriams on debt, administer land
What is popular history?
History made for a wide audience
In which Crusade were a large number of children sold into slavery?
The Children's Crusade
Who was an archbishop in the Holy Land?
William of Tyre
What should I do if I love someone?
Kill them so they get into heaven
What did many Crusaders bring back from the Crusades and donate to the Church?
Looted wealth, holy relics
What are the 4 Key questions?
Who are historians?
What are the purposes of history?
How has history been constructed, recorded and presented over time?
Why have approaches to history changed over time?