God Wills It!
Long-held Christian belief that fighting is wrong and all wars are unjust.
What is Pacifism
I united Egypt and Syria to expel the Crusaders from Jerusalem in 1187 A.D.
Who is Saladin
This Crusade was an embarrassing setback for European Christians after failing to recapture Edessa and a failed siege of Damascus in 1148.
What is the 2nd crusade
What is the Reconquista
What group maintained control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land at the end of the Crusades
Who are the Muslims
Islamic guidelines as to when war is ethically right. In brief, war is only permitted in:
What is Self-Defense
I took part in the crusade to reclaim the Holy Land in 1187 A.D. I was the King of England, I was very successful, but had to return home to protect my kingdom from other monarchs
Who is Richard I- The Lion-Hearted
This Crusade was also known as 'The People's Crusade' because people of all classes; The poor, the skilled, and the nobility all took part in this crusade. With the exception of Kings, who stayed out of the conflict.
What is the 1st Crusade
Not considered a crusade because it was not sanctioned by the Pope. It was led by two youths with divine visions in 1212 A.D. that their purity would result in victory and reclaim the Holy Land. They and their followers were never heard from again.
What is the Children's Crusade
What ended in Europe as a result of trade routes opened by the Crusades and the spreading of once lost knowledge.
What is the Dark Ages or Feudalism
Which religion long preached that "Only without the sword can one wage war, for he has abolished the sword."
What is Christianity
I preached at the Council of Clermont, France in 1095 for a crusade to retake the Holy Land. Promising forgiveness for their sins, I set in motion a deadly chain of events that would last for centuries
Who is Pope Urban II
This Crusade was brought on by the Crusader defeat at the Battle of Hattin and Saladin's capture of Jerusalem
What is the 3rd Crusade
This ruler was unique for his time. He was a vocal critic of the Catholic Church, a known skeptic and possible atheist; he managed to retake Jerusalem during the 6th Crusade not through war, but through diplomacy. Also he achieved this while he was excommunicated by the Pope.
Who is Frederick II
This group saw their power in Europe increase, with powers to levy and collect taxes.
Who are Kings
This faith lays down strict guidelines for conducting a war. It teaches that the killing of any innocent person is a sin; that children, women, the old, and the ill are not to be harmed.
What is Islam
We led the reunification of Spain in 1492 A.D. and the execution or expulsion of Jews and Muslims who refused to convert to Christianity.
Who are Ferdinand and Isabella
This Crusade resulted in the pillage and destruction of Constantinople at the hands of Crusaders from Europe
What is the 4th Crusade
This crusade resulted in the near-destruction of the Byzantine Empire in 1204 A.D. and the raising of suspicion and hatred between Orthodox Christians in the East and Roman Catholics in the West.
What is the 4th Crusade.
The Crusades never saw the restoration of the Orthodox and Catholic churches, resulting from this division, or difference of religious opinions starting back in 1054 A.D.
What is Schism, or The Great Schism
This battle in 1071 A.D. resulted in a crushing defeat for the Byzantine Empire at the hands of the Seljuk Turks. Threatening Byzantine power and resulting in the capture of the Holy city of Jerusalem.
What is the Battle of Manzikert
I helped promote and recruit people for the 1st Crusade. I was so successful, I convinced people of all social classes to leave their homes to go off and reclaim the Holy Land in 1095 A.D.
Who is Peter the Hermit
This Crusade was known as 'The Kings' Crusade' because of its involvement of powerful monarchs from France, England, and the Holy Roman Empire.
What is the 3rd crusade
This wealthy merchant state offered free passage to Crusaders to the Holy Land, if they used their skills and weapons to attack their commercial rivals in the Hungarian port of Zadar (Zara)
Who are the Venetians.
The Crusades saw the decline and eventual fall of this empire, which ceased to exist in 1453 A.D.
What is the Byzantine Empire