Chemistry of Life
Proteins are made of __________
Amino acids!
What are 3 differences and 3 similarites between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
3 differences: 1) eukaryotes have a nucleus, 2) eukaryotes have "membrane bound organelles" like mitochondria, 3) eukaryotes are larger
3 similarities: 1) cell membrane, 2) DNA, 3) ribosomes
Is AGTTG DNA or RNA?
DNA. DNA has T!
What part of the respiratory system and what part of the circulatory system are involved in gas exchange?
Circulatory system- capillaries
In a population of aardvarks, some aardvarks are big and some aardvarks are small. Big aardvarks are better able to survive and reproduce. Over generations, the population becomes bigger. What is this an example of?
Natural selection = survive and reproduce
What part of the food web has the most energy?
The producers
Carbohydrates end in -____
-ose. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch
What are the differences between the reproduction of bacteria, skin cells, and viruses?
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission. They replicate their DNA and then make identical copies.
Skin cells reproduce through mitosis. They replicate their chromosomes and then make identical copies.
Viruses need a host cell to reproduce.
What is semi-conservative?
Replication is semi-conservative because when DNA makes a copy half of the copy is the old DNA and half of the copy is new DNA.
What is an example of chemical digestion?
Acids in the stomach
Enzymes in the mouth (saliva or salivary amalase)
What is a species?
Species can produce fertile offspring.
What is the difference between commensalism and mutualism?
In commensalism, one organism benefits and one is not affected.
In mutualism, both organisms benefit.
A polysaccharide is an example of?
A carbohydrate
What are 3 differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have 1) cell wall, 2) large central vacuole, 3) chloroplasts
How does DNA turn into proteins?
DNA transcription to RNA translation to protein.
Name two immediate internal responses of the human body to cold. What is this an example of?
The muscles of the human body shiver to create heat. The blood vessels contract. This is an example of homeostasis.
Name the classification system from most general to most specific. Are animals in the same genus or the same phylum more closely related?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Genus.
What is an invasive species?
An invasive species is a species that is introduced into a new environment and has no natural predators. Invasive species can increase in population size and kill native species.
Enzymes _______ the rate of a reaction.
increase
What is photosynthesis? What part of the cell does photosynthesis?
What is cellular respiration? What part of the cell does cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis is when plants turn carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. It takes place in the chloroplast.
Cellular respiration is how cells make ATP. It takes place in the mitochondria.
A homozygous recessive and a heterozygous individual cross. What is the genotype ratio of the offspring?
2 Aa : 2 aa
1 Aa: 1 aa
Walter yells at Johana and Johana shoves him. What is the information pathway of Johana's nervous system?
Sensory neuron (hears Walter yell)
Spinal cord
Brain (decides to shove)
Spinal cord
Motor neuron (shoves)
What are the four types of evidence that species have a common ancestor? What type of evidence is most useful?
1) Fossils, 2) Anatomy, 3) Genetic Sequences, 4) Embryology
Genetic sequences are the most useful.
What is the best way to protect hens from being hunted?
Establish a protected area.
When the temperature gets too hot, the rate of the reaction __________. This is because the enzyme _________.
When the temperature gets too hot, the rate of the reaction decreases. This is because the enzyme denatures.
What is it called when molecules move from high concentration to low concentration?
Diffusion
A black cat and a white cat make a gray cat. What type of inheritance is this?
Incomplete dominance.
What are the 3 types of muscles?
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
What is geographic isolation?
When a population is separated into different environments, the populations will evolve into different species.
Name 3 factors that increase the amount of CO2 in the air.