Deportation
Expulsion is another word for deportation
T/F
True
First immigration policy to limit immigration based on race
Chinese Exclusion Act
Operation that dramatically expanded these border enforcement tools along the U.S.–Mexico border
Operation Gatekeeper
What was a challenge for the author when it came to researching voluntary departures?
There were no official records
The deportation mechanism relies on official government procedures and forced removal of immigrants
Formal Deportation
Mexicans were the first ethnicity targeted by immigration law in the U.S.
T/F
False
Labor initiative that brought 4.5 million migrant workers to the U.S. between 1942 and 1964
The Bracero Program
This 1954 federal campaign aimed to remove Mexican migrants through mass deportations and raids across the Southwest.
Operation Wetback
More than 90 percent of all deportations in the U.S. have been through the voluntary departure mechanism
T/F
True
This 1965 immigration law ended the national origins quota system that had favored Northern and Western Europeans
Hart Celler Act
By 1910 what was the profile (ethnicity) of the typical deportee?
This 1996 immigration law greatly expanded detention and deportation and limited judicial review for immigrants.
IIRIRA Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsability Act
This term describes immigrants pressured to leave without formal removal proceedings by signing a form
Voluntary Departure
This 1986 immigration law granted legal status to about 2.7 million undocumented immigrants.
IRCA (Immigration Reform and Control Act)
This 1993 border enforcement strategy concentrated large numbers of agents directly on the border in El Paso.
Operation Hold the Line
Name at least two research methods used by the author of The Deportation Machine, Adam Goodman
archival research, government documents, oral history interviews, etc.
What is the deportation machine as described by the author?
The history of expelling immigrants in the U.S. by the three forms of deportation, formal, voluntary, and self-deportation
Why did the INS come to rely so heavily on voluntary deportation in the mid-twentieth century?
Voluntary departures continued to be, first and foremost, a cost-saving measure, as an internal 1968 agency document made clear: “In order to reduce costs, policy and procedural changes were made to utilize informal deportations in lieu of formal deportations in the rising number of Mexican cases.”
Fear campaigns served as the primary expulsion method in the 1930s and can be connected to which of the three types of deportation
Self-deportation
The author refers to the 13 million deportations carried out by the INS between as
The era of mass expulsion