The Near East
Mesoamerica
Hopewell
Mississippian
Concepts
100
What does the multicomponent site of Abu Hureyra 1 and 2 tell us about the development of agriculture?
1: Natufian site: no domesticated plants, lots of gazelle bones, circular communal housing, communal burial 2: Neolithic site: domesticated plants, animals, rectangular homes, burial beneath home
100
Who were the two main archaeologists associated with Mesoamerica?
Kent Flannery and Richard "Scotty" MacNeish
100
What type of social structure classifies Hopewell sites and how can this be seen in the archaeological record?
Transegalitarian: individual accomplishment seen in burials (difference in burial goods) but society is still communal and has no further social differentiation.
100
What Mississippian site is considered the largest prehistoric construction in North America and what major city is it located near?
Cahokia near St. Louis
100
In the archaeological record, how can you tell domesticated plants and animals from wild plants and animals?
Domesticated: larger grains and stiffer stalks/ lack of or small horns, weaker bones, less young males
200
Which came first in the Near East: agriculture or sedentism?
Sedentism! During the Natufian, groups were living in one general place with semi permanent structures.
200
Corn was domesticated from what plant? When?
From teosinte in 6,700 BC.
200
What U.S. state is Hopewell tradition associated with?
Ohio
200
How can you tell Mississippian sites were highly stratified?
Large platform mounds and burials for religious and political leaders who had strong power over others.
200
What does the site of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey suggest about the reason agriculture developed?
Communal ritual which brought many people together may have sparked the development. Group religion before agriculture.
300
What is a tell or tepe in the Near East?
A mound created from built up debris of people living in that location over a long period of time. (Like Abu Hureyra)
300
Which came first in Mesoamerica: agriculture or sedentism?
Agriculture! Sedentism didn't come until even after the development of pottery.
300
The mounds made at Hopewell sites are often associated with what?
Charnal Houses (where bodies are prepared) and burials.
300
What was the competitive game associated with Mississippian sites?
Chunkey Stone
300
What did processualist Lewis Binford believe caused the development of agriculture?
Edge Hypothesis: Groups fissioned out into peripheral areas where food was limited. Limited resources stimulated agriculture.
400
What does the burial of the elderly woman with more than 50 tortoise shells at Hilazon Tachtit show about the social structure?
Change. The beginning of individual differentiation in the Natufian.
400
In the development of agriculture, what animals were domesticated in Mesoamerica?
NONE!
400
How can archaeologists tell that long distance exchange and travel took place in Hopewell societies?
The presence of large ornaments made from substances like mica, copper and obsidian.
400
What time period classifies Mississippian tradition?
Late Prehistoric: 1,000AD- 1,500AD
400
Where in the world are the first indications of domestication found?
The Fertile Crescent in the Near East.
500
How could grain agriculture help increase population?
Grains could be used to ween children off breastfeeding making the mother fertile earlier.
500
RANDOM: What society has a more diverse diet? Agriculturalists or Hunter and Gatherers?
Hunter and Gatherers!
500
What period of time is associated with Hopewell tradition?
The Woodland Period: 1,000 BC- 1,000 AD
500
What were the main foods grown by Mississippian people?
CORN, beans and squash
500
What was the Oasis Hypothesis and who developed it?
Climate change stimulated domestication where water was available: V. Gordon Childe.
M
e
n
u