Mapping the World
What new information helped make maps more accurate?
Reports and measurements from explorers
What did scientists try to measure more accurately?
the size and shape of the Earth
What major navigation problem did clocks help solve?
Finding longitude
What three things helped connect the world?
Maps, measurement, and timekeeping
What replaced guesswork in navigation?
Science and measurement
Why were early maps often inaccurate?
They relied on guesses, myths, and limited travel
What helped improve Earth measurements?
Math, science, and better tools
Why was longitude harder to calculate than latitude?
It required accurate timekeeping
What increased as global connection improved?
Trade and communication
Who benefited most from accurate navigation tools?
Sailors, traders, and nations
How did accurate maps help countries gain power?
By improving trade, navigation, and expansion
Why did measuring the Earth help sailors?
It made navigation more precise and safer
What made accurate clocks revolutionary?
They worked reliably at sea
How did exploration change how people saw the world?
As measurable and knowable
Why were these discoveries gradual, not instant?
They required testing, failure, and improvement
What was removed from maps as knowledge improved?
Myths, monsters, and false landforms
What happened when measurements were wrong?
Ships could get lost or crash
How did timekeeping change daily life beyond sailing?
It organized work, travel, and schedules
Why did discoveries shift power between nations?
Countries with better tools controlled trade routes
What risk did explorers face without accurate tools?
Getting lost or dying at sea
Why were maps important beyond navigation?
They were tools for science, trade, and empire
How did measurement turn exploration into science?
It replaced guessing with calculation and evidence
Why was time as important as maps for exploration?
Without time, maps couldn’t be used accurately
What is one modern technology that comes from these ideas?
GPS, satellites, digital maps, or atomic clocks
What is the main message of Chapters 47–50?
Knowledge and tools, not bravery alone, connected the world