The "Invisible" Clubs
Before they had a building or a name, scientists called their secret group this "unseen" college.
The Invisible College.
This was the name of the very first modern scientific journal, published in 1665.
Philosophical Transactions.
Before journals existed, this was the #1 way scientists shared news across the world.
Letters (or mail).
A weird report in an early journal claimed people survived by eating these "creepy" bugs.
Spiders and toads.
This ancient, "dead" language was the old way scientists communicated.
Latin
This famous group in London was officially chartered by King Charles II in 1662.
The Royal Society.
Instead of writing 500-page books, scientists started writing these shorter "status updates."
Scientific papers (or articles).
This city became the "post office" of the scientific world because so many letters went through it.
Paris
A famous map of this celestial object was sent to the Royal Society by a brewer.
The Moon.
Scientists started writing in these "common" languages so more people could read their work.
Vernacular (or Native languages).
This Parisian academy was founded specifically to improve the "conveniences of life."
The Montmor Academy.
These magazines helped scientists stop worrying about "Grand Theories" and focus on these instead.
Facts (or "Interesting things").
This was the "code name" used to hide secret scientific letters from government spies.
Grubendol.
This specific plant from the West Indies became famous because it moved when touched.
The "Sensitive Plant."
The old name for a scientist was a "Natural" one of these.
Natural Philosopher.
Before science went public, most people kept their discoveries hidden in these types of groups.
Secret Societies.
is first journal was published in this major English city.
London
Scientific letters were often sent through these "official" government channels to stay safe.
Diplomatic channels.
Science shifted from asking "Why?" things happen to asking "How?" they do this.
Work.
One amateur scientist wrote his findings in Dutch because he never learned this language.
Latin.
This group was started by a Cardinal to focus on language, but it became a model for scientific groups.
The French Academy.
A journal in this city actually beat the London journal to the press by two months.
Paris.
One secretary was actually sent to this famous prison because his letters looked suspicious.
The Tower of London.
This astronomer is quoted at the start of the chapter saying that science "can only grow."
Galileo
Because science was now "public," it was no longer treated as one of these.
A secret.