Chapter 1
a period in Earths history when huge sheets of ice covered large parts of Earths surface
Ice Age
a large prehistoric elephant like animal covered with hair
mammoth
the top layer of Earths surface where plants grow
soil
a dome shaped temporary shelter made from snow blocks
igloo
a type of brick made from sun-dried clay
adobe
a small strip of land that connects two large land masses
land bridge
a wild ox with a shaggy coat and downward curving horns
musk ox
soft, colorful light that appears in the sky in northern lands, caused by the reflection of sunlight
northern lights
a substance that is used to create heat or energy
fuel
a naturally occurring substance found in Earths crust
mineral
a very thick piece of ice that covers a large area of land for an extended period of time
ice sheet
a long thin weapon made from a pointed stick, sometimes with stone or metal tip
spear
a relative who lived a long time ago
ancestor
a person who lives on a rock ledge or cliff wall, such as a member of the Ancestral Pueblo people
cliff dweller
a large rounded pile
Mound
Small groups of people who feed themselves by hunting animals and gathering plants
an area of low land surrounded by mountain and hills, often with a river running through it
river valley
a species of deer native to North America
caribou
a deep valley between mountains, cut through the rock by river water
canyon
a large group of animals that live and travel together
herd
a large prehistoric animal similar to an elephant and a mammoth
mastadon
an animals skin
hide
a group of Native American people who live in the American southwest
Pueblo