Founding Decisions Washington, Adams, early acts
What law helped create the U.S. federal court system and the Supreme Court?
Judiciary Act of 1789
Establishing a stable economy and enforcing federal laws.
Limited government.
Which country was the United States fighting in the War of 1812?
Great Britain.
What did Marbury v. Madison establish?
Judicial review.
What was the main purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
To warn Europe not to interfere in the Americas.
What advice did Washington give in his Farewell Address about political parties?
He warned that political parties would divide the country.
What Supreme Court case gave the Court the power of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
What British practice angered Americans before the war?
Impressment of U.S. sailors.
What was the result of McCulloch v. Maryland?
States could not tax the national bank.
What did Washington say the U.S. should avoid in foreign affairs?
Permanent alliances with other countries.
What did the Alien and Sedition Acts limit during Adams’s presidency?
Free speech and the rights of immigrants.
What major land deal doubled the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase.
What U.S. city had its capital burned during the war?
Washington, D.C.
What did Gibbons v. Ogden give the federal government power to control?
Interstate commerce (trade between states).
What territory did the U.S. gain from Spain in 1819?
Florida.
Why did the Fugitive Slave Act anger many northerners?
It required runaway enslaved people to be returned even from free states.
What law stopped American trade with other countries during Jefferson’s term?
The Embargo Act.
What treaty ended the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent.
Who was the Chief Justice that strengthened the federal government through court rulings?
John Marshall.
What did the Monroe Doctrine show about the U.S.?
That the U.S. saw itself as a powerful, independent nation.
What was one major problem faced by Washington’s new government?
Establishing a stable economy and enforcing federal laws.
Why did the Embargo Act hurt the U.S. economy?
It stopped exports and hurt American merchants.
What feeling of pride and unity grew stronger after the war?
Nationalism.
Why was Marbury v. Madison so important?
It gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
How did U.S. foreign policy change from Washington to Monroe?
It went from isolationism to more involvement in protecting the Western Hemisphere.