Complexes
Electron flow through the complexes generates what?
A proton gradient
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
A series of coupled redox reactions that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen.
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?
The inner mitochondrial membrane
What is significant about the arrangement of the complexes?
The electrons flow down an energy gradient.
What would happen is there was no available oxygen?
The Electron Transport Chain stops.
ATP synthesis stops.
This complex accepts electrons from FADH2.
Complex II
How is ATP generated?
ATP is synthesized when protons flow back to the matrix.
Where are protons pumped to as the electrons go through the complexes?
The intermembrane space
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
What is the difference seen in the transfer of electrons from NADH compared to FADH2?
How does this affect the number of ATP made?
Electrons from FADH2 feed into the chain “downstream” of those from NADH.
Electrons from FADH2 pump fewer protons and therefore produce fewer ATP molecules.
What would happen in there was no proton gradient?
ATP synthase would stop working and the cell would be starved of energy and die.
NADH transfers it's electrons to ______ in Complex I.
Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
What is the final proton acceptor?
What is the final product that is made?
Oxygen
Water
Succinate dehydrogenase is a part of the succinate-Q reductase complex (Complex II). Where is this enzyme from?
The Citric Acid Cycle
What is the Q pool?
What disease would occur if there was a loss of the protein frataxin, the mitochrondrial protein synthesis required for the synthesis of Fe-S clusters?
Friedreich's Ataxia
What three complexes make up the supramolecular complex called the respirasome?
Complex I, Complex III, and Complex IV
What cycle funnels electrons from a two-electron carrier to a one-electron carrier?
The Q cycle
What is the difference between the top redox centers found in Complex I compared to the bottom redox centers?
The top redox centers have a lower affinity than the bottom redox centers.
What is a "chemical proton"?
The protons that are taken up from the matrix to reduce oxygen to form water.
What would happen if oxygen was only partially reduced?
There would be generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
What two components are found in all complexes?
Iron and cytochrome c
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
What parent "gives" you your mitochondria?
Your mother.
Where is the Q pool located?
The inner mitochondrial membrane
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
What does it mean to be"oxidized"?
What does it mean to be "reduced"?
Oxidation: reactant loses electrons
Reduction: reactant gains electrons
How would the addition of a Complex I inhibitor affect the Electron Transport Chain?
Complex I would be unable to oxidize NADH and therefore the Citric Acid Cycle would become reduced.