Places
This important religious center is the Birthplace of Muhammed.
Mecca
People who lived in Al Andalus but remained Christians.
Mozarabs
The time period of the Caliphate of Córdoba was considered the ___________________________ of Al-Andalus
Golden Age
The holy book for Muslims.
A place of worship for Muslims.
A Mosque.
This major city in Al-Andalus had over 300,000 inhabitants and was once of the most populous cities in the world.
Córdoba
Hispano-visigoths who converted to Islam, spoke arabic, and accepted local customs were called ________.
Muladi
Hijra (flight in Arabic)
The official language of the Islamic Empire.
Arabic
The name for God in Arabic.
Allah
The only territory that survived the Christian advance of the 13th century.
The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada
The person with absoulte power in Al Andalus.
What were some of his roles?
The Caliph.
He was supreme judge, the highest religious authority, and general of the army.
It was during this battle in 711 between the army of Berbers and the Visigoths, that King Roderic died.
Battle of Guadalete.
The market or trading grounds in an Andalusí city.
Souk
Define Islam and Muslim.
Islam is the religion of all those who profess the faith preached by Muhammed.
A Muslim is a follower of Islam.
Taifas
This dynasty from Syria siezed power of the Caliphate (661-750) and made Damascus the Capital.
The Umayyad dynasty
At the beginning of the 8th century, the Visigothic monarchy that ruled Hispania was in deep crisis. Why?
The impoverishment of the economy made the population unhappy.
The monarchy was discredited and rivalries for the thrown had caused clashes with nobility.
The Arabs brought a new form of Agriculture to the Iberian Peninsula including introducing new crops and ______________.
What were some of the main crops introduced?
Irrigation systems.
Cereals, Vegetables, Fruits, and Spices.
What is the difference between Imams and Ulamas.
Imams are Islamic leaders who lead worship.
Ulamas are scholars who interpret the Koran.
Important rural settlements with irrigated land were called _____________.
Alquerías
The emir who proclaimed himself caliph and established the Caliphate of Córdoba.
Abd al-Rahman III
This event marks the end of the Middle ages.
When the Islamic Empire was taken over by the Turks, who conquered Constantiople, the Byzantine Capitol in 1453.
What belief created a divide between the Sunni and Shia Muslims? What did each believe?
How to chose a Caliph.
The Shia believed the Caliph should be a direct descendent of Muhammad.
The Sunni believed he should be chosen from the most devout believers.
What are the 5 basic pillars of Islam?
1. A declaration of Faith
2. Praying five times between sunrise and sunset
3. Charity - to show gratitude to Allah
4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca once in your lifetime