Figurative Language
What figurative language is used?
"The earth was rich and alive."
Personification
The earth is given the human quality of being alive.
What point of view is Refugee written in?
Third-person limited.
The narrator follows Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud separately and only reveals each character's thoughts.
Which part is the independent clause?
Although Josef was terrified, he stood up to the soldiers.
"He stood up to the soldiers."
It expresses a complete thought.
Why does Isabel steal gasoline?
To help her family escape.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A. Me and Mahmoud ran.
B. Mahmoud and I ran.
C. Him and Josef ran.
B
Mahmoud and I ran.
What figurative language is used?
"Esperanza felt as if a heavy blanket covered her heart."
Metaphor
The blanket represents grief and sadness.
What point of view is Esperanza Rising written in?
Third-person limited.
Readers mainly know Esperanza's thoughts and feelings.
Which part is the dependent clause?
Because Esperanza lost her home, she had to begin again.
"Because Esperanza lost her home"
It cannot stand alone.
This quote appears repeatedly:
"Mountains and Valleys."
What does it symbolize?
Life has periods of hardship and joy, and neither lasts forever.
What type of sentence is this?
Esperanza cried after her mother became ill.
Complex
This is a complex sentence because it has:
Which phrase is an idiom?
A. The sun rose over the ocean.
B. Mahmoud was between a rock and a hard place.
C. Isabel rowed the boat quickly.
D. The waves crashed loudly.
B. Mahmoud was between a rock and a hard place.
Meaning: He faced two difficult choices.
How would Refugee change if it were written in first person?
We would hear the story from only one character's point of view.
Which word is the preposition?
Mahmoud hid beneath the truck.
Beneath
What does Josef's bar mitzvah symbolize?
His forced transition from childhood to adulthood.
Which part of this sentence is the dependent clause?
Before Esperanza went to work, she helped Mama with breakfast.
A. Before Esperanza went to work
B. She helped Mama
C. With breakfast
D. Mama with breakfast
A. Before Esperanza went to work
It cannot stand alone because it begins with the subordinating conjunction before.
Which sentence contains alliteration?
A. Esperanza waited patiently.
B. Josef bravely crossed the ocean.
C. The frightened family fled from danger.
D. Isabel's small smile spread suddenly.
D
Repeated s sound:
small
smile
spread
suddenly
Why does Alan Gratz alternate between Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud?
To show that refugee experiences repeat throughout history despite different places and time periods.
This sentence contains two prepositions.
Josef stood beside his father during the inspection.
Name both.
Beside
During
What important lesson does Esperanza learn from the blanket Abuelita is crocheting?
She learns that life has ups and downs, and mistakes and hardships can become part of something beautiful.
How many prepositions are in this sentence?
Josef hid beneath the bed during the raid.
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
B. Two
The prepositions are:
This sentence contains BOTH a simile and personification.
"The angry sea slapped the boat like a child throwing a tantrum."
Identify both.
Simile:
"like a child throwing a tantrum"
Personification:
"The sea slapped the boat"
The sea is given a human action.
Read this sentence:
"You step onto the crowded boat, your heart racing as you leave everything behind."
What point of view is this sentence written in?
Second person point of view
The narrator uses you to make the reader feel like they are part of the story.
Identify ALL of the following:
After the storm ended, Isabel climbed onto the roof because her family needed help.
Dependent clause, Independent clause, Preposition, Dependent clause
Dependent clause:
"After the storm ended"
Independent clause:
"Isabel climbed onto the roof"
Dependent clause:
"because her family needed help"
Preposition:
"onto"
Which character makes the greatest sacrifice in either novel?
I will accept any well-supported answer, but Josef is usually the strongest answer because he sacrifices his own life for his family.
Identify the independent clause, dependent clause, and preposition in this sentence:
After Mahmoud crossed the border, he rested under a tree.
Dependent clause:
After Mahmoud crossed the border
Independent clause:
He rested under a tree.
Preposition:
under