Endocrine Glands
This gland is located in the neck and produces thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
What is the thyroid gland?
This hormone stimulates growth of the thyroid gland and increases secretion of thyroid hormones.
What is Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
This type of feedback mechanism amplifies a physiological change.
What is positive feedback?
This hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, helps increase blood sodium levels and decreases potassium levels.
What is aldosterone?
Prostaglandin E (PGE) has an important role in this physiological process.
What is blood pressure regulation?
This gland is divided into two regions: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis).
What is the pituitary gland?
This hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates milk production in females.
What is Prolactin (PRL)?
The action of nonsteroid hormones often involves these intracellular signaling molecules, also known as second messengers.
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
This hormone, secreted by the adrenal medulla, prepares the body for “fight or flight.”
What is norepinephrine?
This hormone secreted by the placenta is essential for maintaining pregnancy.
What is progesterone?
The adrenal glands are located on top of this organ.
What are the kidneys?
This hormone, secreted by the pancreas, decreases blood glucose levels by moving glucose into cells.
What is insulin?
**DAILY DOUBLE**
This part of the brain controls the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary.
What is the hypothalamus?
The gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH are produced by this part of the pituitary.
What is the anterior pituitary?
The hormone ghrelin, produced by the stomach lining, influences this.
What is appetite or metabolism?
This gland is located behind the thyroid and secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH).
What are the parathyroid glands?
This adrenal hormone is released during stress and intensifies the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
What is epinephrine (adrenaline)?
The posterior pituitary releases two hormones, one of which accelerates water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
This hormone produced by the ovaries promotes the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and the menstrual cycle.
What is estrogen?
**DAILY DOUBLE**
This hormone, produced by the thymus, is essential for the development and function of immune system cells.
What is thymosin?
**DAILY DOUBLE**
This small gland near the third ventricle of the brain secretes melatonin and influences the body’s internal clock.
What is the pineal gland?
This hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Prostaglandins typically act on nearby cells and are classified as this type of hormone.
What are paracrine agents or tissue hormones?
This hormone, produced by fat cells, helps control hunger and appetite.
What is leptin?
This hormone secreted by the pancreas accelerates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar.
What is glucagon?