Anatomy
Pituitary gland
What gland is called the “master gland”?
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
To produce hormones that control body processes like growth and metabolism
What hormone is important for growth in children?
Growth hormone
Which disease affects how the body uses insulin?
Diabetes
Which system works closely with the endocrine system to control body functions?
The nervous system
Which gland controls your metabolism?
Thyroid gland
How do hormones move through the body?
They travel in the bloodstream
Which hormones increase during puberty?
Testosterone in males; estrogen and progesterone in females
What causes Type 1 diabetes?
The immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas
Which system carries hormones to target organs?
The circulatory system
What hormone does the pancreas produce to regulate blood sugar?
Insulin
What does homeostasis mean?
Maintaining a stable internal environment
What happens to hormone production as people age?
It generally slows down
What causes Type 2 diabetes?
The body makes insulin but cannot use it properly
What happens when blood sugar rises after eating?
The pancreas releases insulin to help cells absorb glucose
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of each kidney
How does the hypothalamus help regulate hormones?
It sends signals to the pituitary gland to release or stop hormones
What is menopause?
The stage where ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone
List two common symptoms of diabetes.
Frequent urination and excessive thirst
What gland connects the endocrine and nervous systems?
The hypothalamus
Name all seven main endocrine glands.
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes
Explain how the endocrine and nervous systems work together.
The brain (nervous system) signals endocrine glands to release hormones; the hormones then send feedback to the brain to maintain balance.
Describe how aging affects the thyroid and pancreas.
They slow down, which can reduce metabolism and increase the risk of diabetes
Name three complications of untreated diabetes.
Nerve damage, kidney failure, and heart disease
Explain the feedback loop between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release hormones, and when hormone levels are balanced, the hypothalamus reduces its signals to maintain stability.