Endocrine Basics
What type of glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream?
Endocrine glands
What is the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
Which hormone lowers blood sugar levels?
Insulin
What type of feedback loop maintains balance in hormone levels?
Negative feedback
What disorder is caused by too little growth hormone in childhood?
Dwarfism
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger that travels through the bloodstream
Which gland controls metabolism?
Thyroid gland
Which hormone raises blood sugar levels?
Glucagon
Which two hormones regulate blood glucose levels?
Insulin and glucagon
What disorder is caused by too much growth hormone in childhood?
Gigantism
What is a target organ?
The organ or cells that respond to a hormone
Which gland releases hormones that control blood sugar?
Pancreas
Which hormone is responsible for the growth of bones and muscles?
Growth hormone
What happens when blood sugar is high?
Insulin is released
What disease results from too little adrenal hormone?
Addison’s disease
What type of glands release substances through ducts?
Exocrine glands
Which gland helps regulate sleep through melatonin?
Pineal gland
Which hormone controls the body’s sleep cycle?
Melatonin
What system allows hormones to enter cells and affect DNA directly?
Direct gene action
What disease results from too much adrenal hormone?
Cushing’s disease
What body system uses hormones to control body functions?
The endocrine system
Which glands sit on top of the kidneys and control stress responses?
Adrenal glands
Which hormone prepares the body for fight-or-flight?
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
What system uses receptors on the cell membrane to send signals inside the cell?
Second messenger system
What disorder occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar due to insulin problems?
Diabetes mellitus