Nucleus
Genetic information is contained in
___________ made up of
__________, a complex of DNA and
protein
Genetic information is contained in
chromosomes made up of
chromatin, a complex of DNA and
protein
The ER is composed of a ___________ bilayer
The ER is composed of a phospholipid bilayer
SER is the site of ________ and ________ synthesis
SER is the site of carbohydrate and lipid synthesis
Golgi Apparatus performs what three primary functions?
1. Protein processing
2. Protein sorting
3. Protein secretion
The space enclosed in the ER is called the _______ or ________
The space enclosed in the ER is called the lumen or cisternae
The _______ _________ consists
of two phospholipid bilayer
membranes
The nuclear envelope consists of two phospholipid bilayer membranes
T/F: RER is not continuous with the nuclear
envelope
False, it IS continuous with the nuclear envelope
SER is continuous with the ________ but is not
associated with _________
SER is continuous with the RER but is not
associated with ribosomes
what are the 3 compartments?
cis, medial, and trans
what do lysosomes do and where are they found?
- Found in animal cells contain hydrolytic enzymes that degrade macromolecules and even organelles
- Maintain an acidic environment for the enzymes
The _________ is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
Ribosomes synthesize _______ and may be “_______” to the RER or “______” in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes synthesize proteins and may be “bound”
to the RER or “free” in the cytoplasm
T/F: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) does not constitute most the the Endomembrane System
False
which side of the golgi is the "receiving" side?
which side is the "shipping" side?
cis face = receiving side
trans face = shipping side
what are peroxisomes important in?
- Important in the metabolism of fatty acids and breakdown of reactive peroxides (H2O2 => 2 H2O + O2)
_______ ________ form passageways in the nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores form passageways in the nuclear envelope
RER gets its rough appearance from __________ that are attached to the _________ face
RER gets its rough appearance from ribosomes that are attached to the cytoplasmic face
T/F: The smooth ER is closer to the nucleus than the rough ER
False, the RER is closer to nucleus
what are the flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs called?
cisternae
what do vacuoles do?
- Can store water, pigments, inorganic and organic
molecules and serve diverse functions
- Diverse functions depending on cell type
- Central vacuole in plants can occupy more than 80% of cell volume
How are nuclear pores formed and what passes through them?
- Are formed from proteins embedded in
the in the nuclear envelope
- Messenger RNA leaves through nuclear
pores (mRNA goes from INSIDE the nucleus to OUTSIDE the nucleus into the cytoplasm)
Proteins destined for ________ or association with the plasma membrane are synthesized on the surface of_____
Proteins destined for secretion or association with the plasma membrane are synthesized on the surface of RER
Name the 3 functions of the SER
- synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids
(including steroid hormones)
- storing of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+)
- detoxification
Processing often involves _________ and usually occurs in the ______ Golgi
Processing often involves glycosylation and usually occurs in the medial Golgi
T/F: lysosomes are not apart of the golgi apparatus
True