Philosophers
What philosopher spoke about protecting people from cruel and unusual punishments?
What is Beccaria
When King Charles I asks Parliament for money to fight the Spanish and the French, Parliament says ONLY if you sign this document...
Petition of Rights
Which country helped American colonists fight the British?
French
Which French leader executed as many as 40,000 people suspected of being against the French Republic, his rule is coined the "Reign of Terror."
Maximilien Robespierre
Which Latin American colony was the first to free itself from European rule, and who led the oppressed people to independence?
Saint Domingue (Haiti); Toussaint L'Ouverture
The U.S. has three branches of government, what are those three branches and which philosopher inspired the separation of powers?
Montesquieu
The English Civil War was between which two major groups?
Those loyal to Charles I (Royalists/Cavaliers) vs. Those loyal to Parliament (Puritans/Roundheads)
When British passed the Stamp Act to make colonists pay for the French and Indian war, what was the colonists response?
"No taxation without representation!"
When the 3rd Estate was blocked from participating in government, how did they respond?
Tennis Court Oath- write and enforce their own government run by the 97%!
What term describes ethnically Spanish people born in South America? This group would often go to school in Europe, and they brought enlightenment ideas back to South America.
Creoles
Which philosopher expressed the importance of free speech and freedom of religion, inspiring the U.S. Bill of Rights?
Voltaire
Which Puritan general put Charles I to death for dissolving Parliament, this general also became a military dictator until his death in 1658?
Oliver Cromwell
Why did colonists believe they had the right to form their own government and separate from England with the Declaration of Independence?
Locke says we have the right to rebel against an unjust ruler.
Napoleonic Code
Who helped liberate Venezuela from Spanish rule by marching over 2000 soldiers through the Andes into modern Columbia.
Simon Bolivar
Which philosopher inspired the following excerpt?
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
—Declaration of Independence, 1776
Locke
Explain the Restoration in England in 1659
Parliament restores the monarchy promoting Charles II as king.
What do Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagree on?
The amount of power held by the federal government.
What was the last battle Napoleon fought, and suffered a great defeat?
The Battle of Waterloo
Who fought with Spanish soldiers against Napoleon and is referred to as the liberator of Argentina, Chile, and Peru.
Jose de San Martin
Which philosopher is best reflected in the following statement:
In 2003, the communities of Freetown and Lakeville, Massachusetts held their annual town meetings and voted on the budget for the school district. Freetown voters approved a budget that reduced their contribution by $100,000 from what the School Committee asked for.
Rousseau
What new type of monarchy was established in England with the coronation of William and Mary?
Constitutional Monarchy
What what the outcome of the Boston Tea Party?
Closed the port of Boston, First Continental Congress forms, Intolerable Acts passed by British Parliament
What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?
1. Contain France, keep them from conquering neighboring countries.
2. Don't punish France so badly that they seek revenge.
3. Restore the rulers that Napoleon had driven from their thrones.
Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal, Prince John of Portugal and royal family escapes to Brazil, their largest colony, and establishes Rio as the new capital.