Famous People & Their Ideas
What is Jean Jacques Rousseau most known for?
The Social Contract
Which time period in European History directly influenced the development of the Enlightenment?
The Scientific Revolution
Which Enlightened Despot (ruler) is most well known, historically & where were they from?
Catherine the Great of Russia
Most rulers found Enlightenment ideas dangerous and banned them, but some kings and queens, who historians call ___________, incorporated Enlightenment ideas into their rule
Enlightened Despots
Citizens of a society give consent to the government & those in charge through the act of what?
Voting
What is Baron de Montesquieu most known for?
Separation of Power / Three Branches of Government / Checks & Balances
Which European country did many (not all) of the Enlightenment thinkers live in?
France
Which two revolutions have roots in the Enlightenment ideals?
The American & French Revolutions
It has been estimated that between 1700 and 1810, British merchants transported almost _____ enslaved Africans across the Atlantic ocean.
3 Million Enslaved Africans
This branch of government must be separate from the other two in order to preserve its' integrity.
The Judicial Branch
What is John Locke most known for?
Man's natural rights including life, liberty & property
What was the time period of the Enlightenment?
17th - 18th centuries (1600's - 1700's)
What is an example of a "Social Contract" that we agree to as American citizens?
(it outlines the duties of the government, as well as the protections the people have from the government)
The U.S. Constitution
Which organization had a large impact on abolishing the international slave trade?
The Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
This Enlightenment philosopher famously proclaimed, “I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”
Voltaire
What was Voltaire's most popular idea?
The right of Freedom of Expression.
What major questions were the Enlightenment thinkers grappling with?
“What is the purpose of government?”
“What is the best way for a government to rule its people?”
“Are people born with rights? If so, should they be protected by a government?”
This Enlightenment philosopher inspired Jefferson while he was writing the Declaration of Independence.
John Locke
Mary Wollstonecraft famously argued that up until the Enlightenment, women had been conditioned to follow two central concepts.
1. To be submissive (obedient) to men
2. To value physical attractiveness over character and intelligence
What was the term used to refer to how autocrats used their power to make decisions without asking for legitimate approval?
Rubber Stamp
Which Enlightenment thinker argued that both men and women should have equal rights?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which Absolute Monarch greatly influenced the development of Enlightenment ideals through their rule?
Louis XIV (France) 1638 - 1715
Who worked on the French Encylopedie under the protection of a Russian monarch?
Diderot moved to Russia after the Catholic Church in France tried to stop him via an invitation by Catherine the Great.
The title of philosopher Mary Wollstonecraft's best known book
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
According to Montesquieu, when is political liberty (freedom) found within a government?
When it is a moderate (centrist) government