DEMOCRATIC IDEALS
Government should protect people but not infringe on their rights. Laws should make people safer and happier but not limit their freedom of choice.
What is LIMITED GOVERNMENT?
This listing of people’s rights also creates a limited government as it states the government can’t deny people rights like speech, press and religion.
What is the American Bill of Rights?
He defined Enlightenment as "...man's emergence from his self-imposed nonage. Nonage is the inability to use one's own understanding without another's guidance."
Who was Immanuel Kant?
This philosopher argued that women are rational beings just as men are and that as such, they deserve the same fundamental rights as men.
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?
This Russian ruler placed a significant emphasis on education including promoting schools for girls and women.
Who was Catherine the Great?
Government is based on the will of the people who grant their approval through elections and other forms of civic participation.
What is CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED?
This document was the first to set restrictions on the government and established the power of the people — especially concerning the nobility.
What is the Magna Carta?
He explained that all people are entitled to “Life, Liberty and Property” or what he referred to as their "natural rights".
Who was John Locke?
He argued that citizens have the right to revolt against tyrannical (unfair and oppressive) governments.
Who was John Locke?
This Prussian ruler insisted on being called a “servant of the people” and as such, welcomed religious exiles from less tolerant regimes.
Who was Frederick the Great?
Government should perform only the functions that people have given it the power to perform. Power is shared between the governed and those who govern.
What is LIMITED GOVERNMENT?
Under this document, the king was subject to the law and his powers were more strictly limited such as the ability to carry out cruel and unusual punishment.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
He believed that humans were basically selfish creatures who would do anything to better their position and could not be trusted to govern themselves.
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
He felt that nations, like people, were selfishly motivated and as such, each country was in a constant battle for power and wealth.
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
This Austrian ruler favored the emancipation of Jews and sought to put an end to discrimination against them.
Who was Joseph II?
Government shall be carried out according to established laws. Both those who govern and those who are governed will be bound by these laws.
What is the RULE OF LAW?
This document limited the power of the King to tax without permission. It also guaranteed a jury trial and even said the king was subject to, not above the law.
What is the Magna Carta?
He believed that human beings are essentially good but that good people are made unhappy and corrupted by their experiences in society.
Who was Jean Jacque Rousseau?
He was an advocate of free speech stating “I disagree with what you have to say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Who was Voltaire?
Acting as a not so-enlightened ruler, this individual rewarded loyal aristocrats (“jukers”) by increasing their power over their serfs.
Who was Frederick the Great?
Government must act fairly and in accord with established rules in all that it does and may not act arbitrarily
What is DUE PROCESS?
Though this document sought to limit the powers of government, it didn’t include women and differentiated between so-called active and passive citizens.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen?
He believed there were only three types of government: a monarchy (ruled by a king or queen), a republic (ruled by an elected leader) and a despotism (ruled by a dictator).
Who was Montesquieu?
One of his most famous works is The Social Contract in which he explains that individuals must give up certain rights to their governments in exchange for protection and order.
Who was Jean Jacques Rousseau?
This most enlightened ruler sought to diminish the grip of the aristocracy on serfs by allowing them to leave their land and pursue other interests.
Who was Joseph II?