The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment primarily emphasized which intellectual approach?
Rational reasoning
Rousseau believed that humans in their natural state were:
Naturally good but corrupted by society
John Locke believed that all people are born with which type of rights?
Natural Rights
Montesquieu is best known for which major political idea?
Separation of Power
Voltaire was best known for defending which principle?
Freedom of Speech
Enlightenment thinkers were most directly influenced by:
Scientific Revolution scientists
Which of the following works was written by Rousseau?
A) The Spirit of the Laws
B) Two Treatises of Government
C) The Social Contract
D) Candide
C – The Social Contract
What are John Locke's Natural Rights?
Life, Liberty, and Property
Montesquieu’s most influential work was titled:
Spirit of the Laws
Voltaire’s most famous writing is:
Candide
The Enlightenment's core belief about human progress was centered on:
Reason and rational thinking
Which idea in modern political systems is most influenced by Rousseau?
Direct democracy and popular sovereignty
What is the name of John Locke's most famous writing?
Two Treatises of Government
Which branches did Montesquieu believe should share power?
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
Voltaire’s ideas most directly challenged:
Absolute monarchy and organized religion
What was the primary social setting where Enlightenment ideas were exchanged?
Salons
Rousseau’s ideas most directly challenged which form of government?
Traditional authorities and absolute monarchies
Locke believed that if a government failed to protect people’s rights, citizens had the right to:
Rebel or overthrow the government
Montesquieu’s ideas most strongly influenced which nation’s government structure?
The United States
Voltaire believed the best way to fight intolerance and ignorance was through:
Reason and Education
The geographical center of Enlightenment thinking was primarily:
Western Europe
Rousseau argued that legitimate political authority comes from:
A social contract agreed upon by free individuals
Which statement best describes Locke's view of human nature?
A) People are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler
B) People are naturally equal and capable of reason
C) People are incapable of self-government
D) People must be strictly controlled by religion
People are naturally equal and capable of reason
Montesquieu argued that tyranny occurs when:
A) Too many rights are granted
B) A single person or group gains all political power
C) The government has too many branches
D) Citizens elect leaders directly
A single person or group gains all political power
Voltaire believed that progress in society depended on:
A) Blind obedience to rulers
B) Strict religious tradition
C) Reason, tolerance, and open debate
D) The expansion of colonial empires
C) Reason, tolerance, and open debate